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    <id>https://shutiye.dev/blog</id>
    <title>Shutiye Dev Blog</title>
    <updated>2025-11-10T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
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    <subtitle>Shutiye Dev Blog</subtitle>
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    <entry>
        <title type="html"><![CDATA[Fahamka Model Context Protocol (MCP) – Xirfadda Cusub ee Isku Xirka Caqliga Macmalka ah]]></title>
        <id>https://shutiye.dev/blog/model-context-protocol-af-soomaali</id>
        <link href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/model-context-protocol-af-soomaali"/>
        <updated>2025-11-10T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Model Context Protocol (MCP) waa heer furan oo caalami ah oo fududeeya sida barnaamijyada Caqliga macmalka ah (AI) ay ula macaamilaan xog dibadeed, qalab iyo hawlo Automatic ah. MCP wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sida  USB-C oo dunida AI ah: halkii adeeg kasta uu samayn lahaa isku-xirkiisa gaarka ah, MCP wuxuu bixiyaa hal qaab oo bartilmaameed ah oo ay dhammaan barnaamijyadu si fudud ugu xiri karaan.]]></summary>
        <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Model Context Protocol (MCP) waa heer furan oo caalami ah oo fududeeya sida barnaamijyada Caqliga macmalka ah (AI) ay ula macaamilaan xog dibadeed, qalab iyo hawlo Automatic ah. MCP wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sida  <code>USB-C</code> oo dunida AI ah: halkii adeeg kasta uu samayn lahaa isku-xirkiisa gaarka ah, MCP wuxuu bixiyaa hal qaab oo bartilmaameed ah oo ay dhammaan barnaamijyadu si fudud ugu xiri karaan.</p>
<p>Isticmaalka MCP, barnaamijyada sida Claude ama ChatGPT waxay si nabdoon ugu xirmi karaan kaydad xogeed (xog fidsan, faylal maxalli ah, ama xog ganacsi), qalab shaqo (mashiinnada raadinta, xisaabiyeyaasha, ama adeegyada batoonada otomaatiga ah) iyo hab-raacyo (workflow-yo gaar ah ama su’aalo diyaarsan). Saaxiibkan cusub ee AI-ga wuxuu ku siinayaa marin aad ku heli karto xogta saxda ah xilliga saxda ah, isla markaana aad fuliso hawlaha aad u baahan tahay adiga oo aan barnaamij kasta dib uga bilaabin.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://mintcdn.com/mcp/bEUxYpZqie0DsluH/images/mcp-simple-diagram.png?fit=max&amp;auto=format&amp;n=bEUxYpZqie0DsluH&amp;q=85&amp;s=35268aa0ad50b8c385913810e7604550" alt="Jaantus fudud oo MCP ah" class="img_ev3q"></p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="maxaa-mcp-kuu-suuragelin-kara">Maxaa MCP kuu suuragelin kara?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/model-context-protocol-af-soomaali#maxaa-mcp-kuu-suuragelin-kara" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Maxaa MCP kuu suuragelin kara?" title="Direct link to Maxaa MCP kuu suuragelin kara?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>Wakiillada AI-ga waxay akhrin karaan jadwalkaaga Google Calendar, waxay maamuli karaan qoraallada Notion, isla markaana waxay ku siin karaan caawiye shaqsiyeed oo dhab ah.</li>
<li>Claude Code ama qalab kale oo la mid ah wuxuu hal mar ka abuuri karaa bog shabakadeed oo dhamaystiran iyadoo laga eegayo qaab-dhismeed Figma.</li>
<li>Chatbot-yada shirkadaha waxay si wadajir ah ula xiriiri karaan xog-ururro badan, taasoo u oggolaanaysa isticmaaleyaasha inay xogta dhexdiisa ka baaran su'aal hal sadar ah.</li>
<li>Moodooyinka AI-ga waxay samayn karaan naqshadaha 3D Blender ah oo isla markaana ay u diraan mashiinka daabacaadda 3D—hoggaanka MCP ayaa shaqada ka dhigaya mid nidaamsan oo la isku halleyn karo.</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="maxaa-ka-dhigaya-mcp-mid-muhiim-ah">Maxaa ka dhigaya MCP mid muhiim ah?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/model-context-protocol-af-soomaali#maxaa-ka-dhigaya-mcp-mid-muhiim-ah" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Maxaa ka dhigaya MCP mid muhiim ah?" title="Direct link to Maxaa ka dhigaya MCP mid muhiim ah?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Horumariyeyaasha</strong>: MCP waxay dhimaysaa waqtiga lagu bixinayo is-dhexgalka iyo dayactirka API-yada kala duwan. Halkii aad maalin walba ka xallin lahayd isku xirka cusub, waxaad raacaysaa qaab dhismeed la aqoonsan yahay.</li>
<li><strong>Barnaamijyada ama wakiillada AI</strong>: Isku xirka MCP wuxuu siinayaa marin ballaaran oo xog iyo qalab ah, taasoo kobcisa heerka xog-ogaalka iyo awoodda fal-celinta.</li>
<li><strong>Isticmaaleyaasha ugu dambeeya</strong>: Waxay helayaan caawiyeyaal AI ah oo karti badan, si nabadgelyo leh ula shaqeeya xogtooda, isla markaana qaada tallaabooyin ay iyagu oggolaayeen.</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="qaab-dhismeedka-mcp-ee-kooban">Qaab-dhismeedka MCP ee kooban<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/model-context-protocol-af-soomaali#qaab-dhismeedka-mcp-ee-kooban" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Qaab-dhismeedka MCP ee kooban" title="Direct link to Qaab-dhismeedka MCP ee kooban" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Server-ka MCP</strong>: Waa meesha xogta ama qalabka la bixiyo. Waxay qeexdaa waxa adeegyada laga heli karo, sidee loo helayaa, iyo amniga la adeegsanaayo.</li>
<li><strong>Client-ka MCP</strong>: Waa barnaamijka AI-ga ama abka adeegsada server-ka. Waxay codsaneysaa xog, waxay diraa amarro, waxayna la socotaa jawaabaha.</li>
<li><strong>Handshake &amp; Capability Discovery</strong>: Markay isku xirmaan, labada dhinac waxay isdhaafsadaan xog ku saabsan waxa la qaban karo, nuqulada borotokoolka la taageero iyo xeerarka amniga (auth, scopes, iwm).</li>
<li><strong>Transport</strong>: MCP ma qasbeyso hal farsamo oo keliya; HTTP(S), WebSockets ama xitaa Unix sockets ayaa la isticmaali karaa—iyada oo ku xiran baahida iyo deegaanka.</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="hababka-amniga-iyo-daahfurnaanta">Hababka amniga iyo daahfurnaanta<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/model-context-protocol-af-soomaali#hababka-amniga-iyo-daahfurnaanta" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Hababka amniga iyo daahfurnaanta" title="Direct link to Hababka amniga iyo daahfurnaanta" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Xakameynta helitaanka</strong>: Server-yadu waxay dejin karaan rukhsadyo kala duwan, sida akhrin oo keliya ama ku dar/taf.</li>
<li><strong>Xog la sir-geliyay</strong>: Qalabka MCP waxa lagu dhisi karaa TLS ama farsamooyin kale si loo hubiyo in xogta dhex socota aysan si fudud u furfurmin.</li>
<li><strong>Ogolaansho ku saleysan isticmaalaha</strong>: Client-yadu waxay si cad u weydiin karaan isticmaalaha marka hawlaha khatarta badan la doonayo—tusaale ahaan tirtirka faylka ama dirista email-ka.</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tusaalooyin-dhisme-hawsha-mcp">Tusaalooyin dhisme hawsha MCP<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/model-context-protocol-af-soomaali#tusaalooyin-dhisme-hawsha-mcp" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tusaalooyin dhisme hawsha MCP" title="Direct link to Tusaalooyin dhisme hawsha MCP" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Wakiil shaqo</strong>: Waxaa jira server xog kaydsan oo jira (<code>inventory-db</code>), qalab warbixineed (<code>reporting-tool</code>), iyo server hawlo (<code>task-runner</code>). MCP client-ka (wakiilka AI) wuxuu isku xiraa saddexda oo wuxuu sameeyaa warbixin dhamaystiran hal amar gudihiis.</li>
<li><strong>Qalab waxbarasho</strong>: Macallin AI ah ayaa ka akhrisan kara buugag PDF ah oo maxalli ah, wuxuu soo qaadan karaa casharro (playlists) YouTube, wuxuuna jadwal ugu diyaarin karaa ardayga Google Calendar iyadoo MCPl lagu hagaajinayo.</li>
<li><strong>Hab otomaatig ah</strong>: MCP server u xilsaaran qalabka DevOps wuxuu qaadi karaa shaqooyin sida <code>deploy</code>, <code>rollback</code>, ama <code>status check</code> marka client AI uu helo ogolaansho ku filan.</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="sida-loogu-bilaabo-dhisidda">Sida loogu bilaabo dhisidda<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/model-context-protocol-af-soomaali#sida-loogu-bilaabo-dhisidda" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Sida loogu bilaabo dhisidda" title="Direct link to Sida loogu bilaabo dhisidda" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Dhis serverro</strong>: Samee MCP server kuu gaar ah oo soo bandhiga xogta iyo qalabka aad rabto in AI-ku adeegsado.</li>
<li><strong>Dhis macaamiil (clients)</strong>: Ku dar taageerada MCP abkaaga ama wakiilka AI si uu u ogaado, u codsado, una maamulo waxa server-yadu bixiyaan.</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabooyinka-koowaad-ee-horumarinta">Tallaabooyinka koowaad ee horumarinta<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/model-context-protocol-af-soomaali#tallaabooyinka-koowaad-ee-horumarinta" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabooyinka koowaad ee horumarinta" title="Direct link to Tallaabooyinka koowaad ee horumarinta" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ol>
<li><strong>Fahmista xeerarka MCP</strong>: Akhri dukumiintiga rasmiga ah si aad u ogaato endpoints-ka, qaabeynta <code>capabilities</code>, iyo sida <code>sessions</code> loo maareeyo.</li>
<li><strong>Dooro qaabka gaadiidka</strong>: Go'aami haddii aad isticmaaleyso HTTP, WebSocket ama kanaal maxalli ah. Tijaabi isku xirka adigoo adeegsanaaya adeeg-fasiraad (<code>mock server</code>).</li>
<li><strong>Naqshadeynta API-ga server-ka</strong>: Ku qeex xogta ama hawlaha aad bixinayso <code>resources</code>, <code>tools</code> ama <code>prompts</code>. Hubi in metadata lagu daro—tusaale ahaan cidda iska leh, heerka cusboonaysiinta, iyo xaddidaadaha.</li>
<li><strong>Dhismo client</strong>: Ku dar lakabka MCP ee barnaamijkaaga AI. Samee maamul <code>session</code> si u kaydiyo qanjidhada (<code>tokens</code>) iyo oggolaanshaha.</li>
<li><strong>Amniga iyo la socodka</strong>: Ku dar diiwaangelinta (logging) iyo digniinaha si aad ula socoto waxqabadka. Ku dar xeerar la xiriira xad-dhaafka (<code>rate limiting</code>) ama tiro codsi oo xaddidan.</li>
</ol>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="barasho-iyo-agab-dheeraad-ah">Barasho iyo agab dheeraad ah<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/model-context-protocol-af-soomaali#barasho-iyo-agab-dheeraad-ah" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Barasho iyo agab dheeraad ah" title="Direct link to Barasho iyo agab dheeraad ah" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Faham fikradaha</strong>: Raadi faahfaahinta qaab-dhismeedka MCP, sida <code>capability negotiation</code>, <code>session lifecycles</code>, iyo qaabka loogu daro qalab saddexaad.</li>
<li><strong>Bulshada MCP</strong>: Ku biir goleyaasha ama laamaha GitHub ee MCP si aad ula socoto horumarrada, la wadaagto serverro cusub, kana hesho jawaab celin.</li>
<li><strong>Mashruucyo tijaabo</strong>: Dhis server yar oo akhriya faylal markdown maxalli ah, kadib samee client GPT ama Claude si uu u daboolo su'aalaha ku saabsan dukumiintiyadaada.</li>
<li><strong>Ka qayb qaado</strong>: MCP waa mashruuc furan; waxaad ku dari kartaa tarjumaado, casharro demo ah ama xitaa qaabab gaadiid cusub oo ay taageerto.</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="gunaanad">Gunaanad<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/model-context-protocol-af-soomaali#gunaanad" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Gunaanad" title="Direct link to Gunaanad" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>MCP waxay hirgelisaa heer isku xirnaan oo ay u baahan yihiin barnaamijyada AI casriga ah. Adigoo adeegsanaya borotokoolkan waxaad si dhaqso leh ugu xirmi kartaa xog, qalab iyo hawlo kala duwan, adigoo hubinaya in khibradda isticmaalaha ay ahaato mid dhammaystiran, la isku halleyn karo, oo la maamuli karo. Haddii aad tahay horumariye doonaya in uu ballaariyo awoodaha AI-gaaga ama isticmaale u baahan caawiye ka shaqeeya xogtaada gaarka ah, MCP waa dariiqa qarnigan.</p>
<p>Ku bilow mashruucaaga MCP maanta, oo arag sida ay uga dhigeyso AI-gaaga mid ka dhigan saaxiib shaqo oo dhab ah.</p>]]></content>
        <author>
            <name>Shutiye Dev</name>
            <uri>https://github.com/shutiye</uri>
        </author>
        <category label="mcp" term="mcp"/>
        <category label="ai" term="ai"/>
        <category label="integrations" term="integrations"/>
        <category label="somali" term="somali"/>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title type="html"><![CDATA[React - Dhisidda Is-dhexgalyo Isticmaale oo Casri ah]]></title>
        <id>https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali</id>
        <link href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali"/>
        <updated>2025-10-30T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <summary type="html"><![CDATA[React waxay si weyn u beddeshay qaabka loo sameeyo barnaamijyada shabakadda. Qaab-dhismeedkeeda ku salaysan qaybaha (components) iyo DOM-keeda dhijitaalka ah (virtual DOM) ayaa ka dhigaya abuurista is-dhexgalyo firfircoon mid sahlan oo wax-ku-ool ah. Aan dhisno barnaamij dhammaystiran oo aynu sahaminno awoodaha xooggan ee React!]]></summary>
        <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>React waxay si weyn u beddeshay qaabka loo sameeyo barnaamijyada shabakadda. Qaab-dhismeedkeeda ku salaysan qaybaha (components) iyo DOM-keeda dhijitaalka ah (virtual DOM) ayaa ka dhigaya abuurista is-dhexgalyo firfircoon mid sahlan oo wax-ku-ool ah. Aan dhisno barnaamij dhammaystiran oo aynu sahaminno awoodaha xooggan ee React!</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-maxaa-react-lagu-doortaa">🌟 Maxaa React lagu doortaa?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#-maxaa-react-lagu-doortaa" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🌟 Maxaa React lagu doortaa?" title="Direct link to 🌟 Maxaa React lagu doortaa?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>React waxay hoggaamisay horumarka dhinaca hore ee shabakadaha sababo adag dartood:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>🎯 Ku-saleysan Qaybo</strong>: Waxaad dhisaysaa qaybo gooni u taagan oo maamula state-kooda.</li>
<li><strong>⚡ Virtual DOM</strong>: Waxay bixisaa cusboonaysiin iyo sawirid si aad u degdeg badan.</li>
<li><strong>🔄 Hab Sheegis (Declarative)</strong>: Kaliya ku sheeg React sida UI-gu u ekaanayo, iyadaa qabata faahfaahinta inteeda kale.</li>
<li><strong>🛠️ Qalab Horumarineed</strong>: Debugging iyo khibrad horumarineed oo heer sare ah.</li>
<li><strong>📚 Deegaan ballaaran</strong>: Kumannaan maktabado iyo qalabyo ah oo diyaar kuu ah.</li>
<li><strong>💼 Heer Warshadeed</strong>: Waxaa adeegsada shirkado waaweyn sida Facebook, Netflix, iyo Airbnb.</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="react-marka-la-barbar-dhigo-framework-yada-kale">React marka la barbar dhigo Framework-yada kale<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#react-marka-la-barbar-dhigo-framework-yada-kale" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to React marka la barbar dhigo Framework-yada kale" title="Direct link to React marka la barbar dhigo Framework-yada kale" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<table><thead><tr><th>Astaanta</th><th>React</th><th>Vue</th><th>Angular</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Heerka Barashada</td><td>Dhexdhexaad</td><td>Fudud</td><td>Adag</td></tr><tr><td>Waxqabad</td><td>Aad u Wanaagsan</td><td>Aad u Wanaagsan</td><td>Wanaagsan</td></tr><tr><td>Cabirka Bundle-ka</td><td>Yar</td><td>Ka yar</td><td>Weyn</td></tr><tr><td>Bulshada</td><td>Aad u weyn</td><td>Kor u kacaysa</td><td>Weyn</td></tr><tr><td>Ku Habboon</td><td>Dhammaan cabbirrada</td><td>Mashruucyo yaryar–dhexdhexaad</td><td>Shirkado waaweyn</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-sida-loo-bilaabo">🚀 Sida Loo Bilaabo<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#-sida-loo-bilaabo" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Sida Loo Bilaabo" title="Direct link to 🚀 Sida Loo Bilaabo" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="shuruudaha-hore">Shuruudaha Hore<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#shuruudaha-hore" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Shuruudaha Hore" title="Direct link to Shuruudaha Hore" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Hubi nooca Node.js (18+)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">node --version</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Hubi nooca npm</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm --version</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="abuur-barnaamij-react-ah">Abuur Barnaamij React ah<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#abuur-barnaamij-react-ah" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Abuur Barnaamij React ah" title="Direct link to Abuur Barnaamij React ah" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Adeegso Create React App (CRA)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npx create-react-app my-task-app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">cd my-task-app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Ama isticmaal Vite (casri ah oo degdeg badan)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm create vite@latest my-task-app -- --template react</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">cd my-task-app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="qaab-dhismeedka-mashruuca">Qaab-dhismeedka Mashruuca<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#qaab-dhismeedka-mashruuca" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Qaab-dhismeedka Mashruuca" title="Direct link to Qaab-dhismeedka Mashruuca" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">my-task-app/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── public/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   └── index.html</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── src/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── components/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   ├── TaskList.jsx</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   ├── TaskItem.jsx</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── TaskForm.jsx</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── hooks/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── useTasks.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── context/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── TaskContext.jsx</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── utils/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── helpers.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── App.jsx</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── App.css</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   └── index.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── package.json</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">└── README.md</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-dhisidda-app-maareynta-hawlaha">🎯 Dhisidda App Maareynta Hawlaha<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#-dhisidda-app-maareynta-hawlaha" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎯 Dhisidda App Maareynta Hawlaha" title="Direct link to 🎯 Dhisidda App Maareynta Hawlaha" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Aan dhisno barnaamij hawl-maareyn oo dhamaystiran adigoo adeegsanaya qaabab React oo casri ah.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-1-qaab-dhismeedka-qaybaha-aasaasiga-ah">Tallaabada 1: Qaab-dhismeedka Qaybaha Aasaasiga ah<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#tallaabada-1-qaab-dhismeedka-qaybaha-aasaasiga-ah" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 1: Qaab-dhismeedka Qaybaha Aasaasiga ah" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 1: Qaab-dhismeedka Qaybaha Aasaasiga ah" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>src/App.jsx</code>:</p>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">React</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useState</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> useEffect </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./App.css'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">TaskForm</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./components/TaskForm'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">TaskList</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./components/TaskList'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">TaskStats</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./components/TaskStats'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">App</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setFilter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'all'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Soo rar hawlaha marka ay app-ku furmo</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> savedTasks </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">localStorage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'tasks'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">savedTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">parse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">savedTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Kaydi hawlaha mar kasta oo ay is beddelaan</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">localStorage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">setItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'tasks'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Ku dar hawl cusub</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">addTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> newTask </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">now</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">text</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">completed</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">createdAt</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">toISOString</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> newTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Beddel heerka dhammaystirka</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">toggleTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">completed</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Tirtir hawl</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">deleteTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!==</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Sax hawl</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">editTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> newText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">text</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> newText </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Nadiifi hawlaha la dhammaystiray</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">clearCompleted</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Shaandhee hawlaha</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> filteredTasks </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">filter </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'active'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">filter </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'completed'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">app</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">header</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">app-header</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">h1</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">⚛️ React Task Manager</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">h1</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Ku habboonow oo sii ahaaw mid wax soo saar leh</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">header</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">main</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">app-main</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskForm</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onAddTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">addTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskStats</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">total</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">tasks</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">length</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">completed</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">tasks</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript parameter" style="color:#00009f">t</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> t</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">completed</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">length</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">active</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">tasks</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript parameter" style="color:#00009f">t</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">t</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">completed</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">length</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">filter-buttons</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">filter </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'all'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'active'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onClick</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setFilter</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'all'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">            Dhamaan</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">filter </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'active'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'active'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onClick</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setFilter</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'active'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">            Firfircoon</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">filter </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'completed'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'active'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onClick</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setFilter</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'completed'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">            La dhammeeyay</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskList</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">tasks</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">filteredTasks</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onToggleTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">toggleTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onDeleteTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">deleteTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onEditTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">editTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">some</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">t</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> t</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">clear-completed</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onClick</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">clearCompleted</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">            Nadiifi kuwa la dhammeeyay</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">main</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">App</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-2-qaybta-foomka-hawsha">Tallaabada 2: Qaybta Foomka Hawsha<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#tallaabada-2-qaybta-foomka-hawsha" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 2: Qaybta Foomka Hawsha" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 2: Qaybta Foomka Hawsha" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>src/components/TaskForm.jsx</code>:</p>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">React</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useState </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./TaskForm.css'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">TaskForm</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> onAddTask </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setTaskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">handleSubmit</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">e</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    e</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">preventDefault</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Hubinta xogta</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">trim</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Hawshu ma noqon karto mid madhan'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">length</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Hawshu way dheeraatay (ugu badnaan 100 xaraf)'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Ku dar hawl</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">onAddTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">trim</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Nadiifi foomka</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTaskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">form</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-form</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onSubmit</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">handleSubmit</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">input-group</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">input</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">type</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">text</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">value</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">taskText</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onChange</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript parameter" style="color:#00009f">e</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setTaskText</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">e</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">target</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">value</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setError</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">placeholder</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">Maxaad doonaysaa inaad qabato?</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">error </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'error'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">maxLength</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">type</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">submit</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          Ku dar hawl</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">error </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">error-message</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">char-count</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">length</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text">/100 xaraf</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">form</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskForm</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-3-qaybta-liiska-hawlaha">Tallaabada 3: Qaybta Liiska Hawlaha<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#tallaabada-3-qaybta-liiska-hawlaha" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 3: Qaybta Liiska Hawlaha" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 3: Qaybta Liiska Hawlaha" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>src/components/TaskList.jsx</code>:</p>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">React</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">TaskItem</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./TaskItem'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./TaskList.css'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">TaskList</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> tasks</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onToggleTask</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onDeleteTask</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onEditTask </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">length</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">empty-state</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">empty-icon</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">📝</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">h3</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Weli hawlo ma jiraan</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">h3</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Kudar hawl si aad u bilaabato!</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">ul</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-list</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskItem</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">key</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">id</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onToggle</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">onToggleTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onDelete</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">onDeleteTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onEdit</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">onEditTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">ul</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskList</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-4-qaybta-task-item">Tallaabada 4: Qaybta Task Item<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#tallaabada-4-qaybta-task-item" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 4: Qaybta Task Item" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 4: Qaybta Task Item" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>src/components/TaskItem.jsx</code>:</p>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">React</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useState </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./TaskItem.css'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">TaskItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> task</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onToggle</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onDelete</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onEdit </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">isEditing</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setIsEditing</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">editText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setEditText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">handleEdit</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">editText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">trim</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token plain"> editText </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!==</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">onEdit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> editText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">trim</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">else</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setEditText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setIsEditing</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">handleKeyDown</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">e</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">e</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">key</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Enter'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">handleEdit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">else</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">e</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">key</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Escape'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setEditText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setIsEditing</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">li</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">task-item </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation" style="color:#00009f">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation property-access" style="color:#00009f">completed</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">'completed'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-content</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">input</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">type</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">checkbox</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">checked</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">completed</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onChange</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">onToggle</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">id</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-checkbox</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">isEditing </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">input</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">type</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">text</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">value</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">editText</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onChange</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript parameter" style="color:#00009f">e</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setEditText</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">e</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">target</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">value</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onBlur</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">handleEdit</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onKeyDown</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">handleKeyDown</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-edit-input</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">autoFocus</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">span</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-text</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onDoubleClick</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">completed</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setIsEditing</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">            </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">span</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-actions</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">isEditing </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onClick</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setIsEditing</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">btn-edit</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">title</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">Sax hawshan</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">            ✏️</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onClick</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">onDelete</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">id</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">btn-delete</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">title</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">Tirtir hawshan</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          🗑️</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-meta</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">small</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">createdAt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">toLocaleDateString</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">small</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">li</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-5-qaybta-tirakoobka-hawlaha">Tallaabada 5: Qaybta Tirakoobka Hawlaha<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#tallaabada-5-qaybta-tirakoobka-hawlaha" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 5: Qaybta Tirakoobka Hawlaha" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 5: Qaybta Tirakoobka Hawlaha" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>src/components/TaskStats.jsx</code>:</p>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">React</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./TaskStats.css'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">TaskStats</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> total</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> completed</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> active </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> completionRate </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> total </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Math</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">round</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">completed </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">/</span><span class="token plain"> total</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">*</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-stats</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-card</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-icon</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">📊</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-content</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-value</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">total</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-label</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Hawlaha oo dhan</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-card</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-icon</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">✅</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-content</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-value</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">completed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-label</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">La dhammeeyay</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-card</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-icon</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">⏳</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-content</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-value</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">active</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-label</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Firfircoon</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-card</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-icon</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">📈</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-content</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-value</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">completionRate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text">%</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-label</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Heerka dhammeeynta</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskStats</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-qurxinta-css">🎨 Qurxinta CSS<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#-qurxinta-css" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎨 Qurxinta CSS" title="Direct link to 🎨 Qurxinta CSS" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Abuur <code>src/App.css</code>:</p>
<div class="language-css codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-css codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.app</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">min-height</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token unit">vh</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">background</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">linear-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">135</span><span class="token unit">deg</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token hexcode color">#667eea</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token hexcode color">#764ba2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">padding</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.app-header</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> center</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">color</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token color">white</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">margin-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.app-header</span><span class="token selector" style="color:#00009f"> h1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">font-size</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">margin-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0.5</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">text-shadow</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">4</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token color function" style="color:#d73a49">rgba</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0.2</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.app-main</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">max-width</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">800</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">margin</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token plain"> auto</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">background</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token color">white</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">border-radius</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">20</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">padding</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">box-shadow</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">20</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">60</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token color function" style="color:#d73a49">rgba</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0.3</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.filter-buttons</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">display</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> flex</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">gap</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">margin</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.filter-buttons</span><span class="token selector" style="color:#00009f"> button</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">flex</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">padding</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0.75</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">border</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token plain"> solid </span><span class="token hexcode color">#e0e0e0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">background</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token color">white</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">border-radius</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">8</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">cursor</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> pointer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">transition</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> all </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0.3</span><span class="token unit">s</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.filter-buttons</span><span class="token selector" style="color:#00009f"> button</span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.active</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">background</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token hexcode color">#667eea</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">color</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token color">white</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">border-color</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token hexcode color">#667eea</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.clear-completed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">width</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">margin-top</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">padding</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">background</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token hexcode color">#ff6b6b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">color</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token color">white</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">border</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> none</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">border-radius</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">8</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">cursor</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> pointer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">transition</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> background </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0.3</span><span class="token unit">s</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.clear-completed</span><span class="token selector pseudo-class" style="color:#00009f">:hover</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">background</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token hexcode color">#ff5252</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-hooks-gaar-ah">🎣 Hooks Gaar ah<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#-hooks-gaar-ah" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎣 Hooks Gaar ah" title="Direct link to 🎣 Hooks Gaar ah" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Abuur <code>src/hooks/useTasks.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useState</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> useEffect </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setLoading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Soo rar hawlaha kaydsan</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> savedTasks </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">localStorage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'tasks'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">savedTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">parse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">savedTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Khalad ayaa ka dhacay raridda hawlaha:'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">finally</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setLoading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Kaydi hawlaha markay is beddelaan</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">localStorage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">setItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'tasks'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">addTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> newTask </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">now</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">text</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">completed</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">createdAt</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">toISOString</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">prev</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">prev</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> newTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">toggleTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">prev</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      prev</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">completed</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">deleteTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">prev</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> prev</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!==</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">editTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> newText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">prev</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      prev</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">text</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> newText </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">clearCompleted</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">prev</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> prev</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    addTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    toggleTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    deleteTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    editTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    clearCompleted</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-context-api-si-loogu-maareeyo-state-ka">🌐 Context API si loogu Maareeyo State-ka<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#-context-api-si-loogu-maareeyo-state-ka" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🌐 Context API si loogu Maareeyo State-ka" title="Direct link to 🌐 Context API si loogu Maareeyo State-ka" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Abuur <code>src/context/TaskContext.jsx</code>:</p>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">React</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> createContext</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> useContext</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> useState</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> useEffect </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskContext</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">createContext</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">TaskProvider</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> children </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setFilter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'all'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Soo rar hawlaha marka hore</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> saved </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">localStorage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'tasks'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">saved</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">parse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">saved</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Kaydi hawlaha markay is beddelaan</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">localStorage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">setItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'tasks'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">addTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">now</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">completed</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">createdAt</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">toISOString</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">toggleTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">t</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      t</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">t</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">completed</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">t</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> t</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">deleteTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">t</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> t</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!==</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> value </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    setFilter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    addTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    toggleTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    deleteTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskContext.Provider</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">value</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">value</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">children</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskContext.Provider</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> context </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useContext</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskContext</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">context</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">throw</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'useTasks waa in lagu isticmaalaa gudaha TaskProvider'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> context</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-qaabab-react-oo-horumarsan">⚡ Qaabab React oo Horumarsan<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#-qaabab-react-oo-horumarsan" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to ⚡ Qaabab React oo Horumarsan" title="Direct link to ⚡ Qaabab React oo Horumarsan" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-memoization-iyadoo-la-adeegsanayo-usememo">1. Memoization iyadoo la adeegsanayo useMemo<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#1-memoization-iyadoo-la-adeegsanayo-usememo" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Memoization iyadoo la adeegsanayo useMemo" title="Direct link to 1. Memoization iyadoo la adeegsanayo useMemo" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useMemo </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">TaskList</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> tasks </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> sortedTasks </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useMemo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">sort</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">a</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">createdAt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">createdAt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/* soo bandhig sortedTasks */</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-habaynta-callback-ga-iyadoo-la-adeegsanayo-usecallback">2. Habaynta Callback-ga iyadoo la adeegsanayo useCallback<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#2-habaynta-callback-ga-iyadoo-la-adeegsanayo-usecallback" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. Habaynta Callback-ga iyadoo la adeegsanayo useCallback" title="Direct link to 2. Habaynta Callback-ga iyadoo la adeegsanayo useCallback" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useCallback </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">App</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> handleTaskAdd </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useCallback</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Ku dar hawl cusub</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskForm</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onAdd</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">handleTaskAdd</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-usereducer-si-loogu-maareeyo-state-adag">3. useReducer si loogu maareeyo state adag<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#3-usereducer-si-loogu-maareeyo-state-adag" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. useReducer si loogu maareeyo state adag" title="Direct link to 3. useReducer si loogu maareeyo state adag" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useReducer </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">taskReducer</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">state</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> action</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">switch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">action</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">type</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">case</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'ADD_TASK'</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> action</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">payload</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">case</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'TOGGLE_TASK'</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> action</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">payload</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">          </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">completed</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">          </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">case</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'DELETE_TASK'</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!==</span><span class="token plain"> action</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">payload</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">App</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useReducer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">taskReducer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">addTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'ADD_TASK'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">payload</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">now</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> text </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/* Ku dhis UI-gaaga */</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="4-hook-gaar-ah-oo-loogu-talagalay-wicitaannada-api">4. Hook gaar ah oo loogu talagalay wicitaannada API<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#4-hook-gaar-ah-oo-loogu-talagalay-wicitaannada-api" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 4. Hook gaar ah oo loogu talagalay wicitaannada API" title="Direct link to 4. Hook gaar ah oo loogu talagalay wicitaannada API" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useState</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> useEffect </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useApi</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">url</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setData</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setLoading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">fetch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">url</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">then</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">res</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">then</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">setData</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">setError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">finally</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setLoading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">url</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> error </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Isticmaalka</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">ProductList</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> error </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useApi</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/api/products'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Fadlan sug...</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Khalad: </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/* soo bandhig alaabta */</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-hagaajinta-waxqabadka">🚀 Hagaajinta Waxqabadka<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#-hagaajinta-waxqabadka" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Hagaajinta Waxqabadka" title="Direct link to 🚀 Hagaajinta Waxqabadka" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-kala-qaybinta-koodhka-code-splitting">1. Kala-qaybinta koodhka (Code Splitting)<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#1-kala-qaybinta-koodhka-code-splitting" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Kala-qaybinta koodhka (Code Splitting)" title="Direct link to 1. Kala-qaybinta koodhka (Code Splitting)" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> lazy</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">Suspense</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskList</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">lazy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./components/TaskList'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">App</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">Suspense</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">fallback</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript plain-text" style="color:#00009f">Fadlan sug...</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskList</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">Suspense</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-reactmemo-si-loogu-yareeyo-dib-u-sawiridda">2. React.memo si loogu yareeyo dib-u-sawiridda<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#2-reactmemo-si-loogu-yareeyo-dib-u-sawiridda" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. React.memo si loogu yareeyo dib-u-sawiridda" title="Direct link to 2. React.memo si loogu yareeyo dib-u-sawiridda" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> memo </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskItem</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">memo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> task</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onToggle</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onDelete </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">li</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/* wax ka qabso hawsha */</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">li</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">prevProps</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> nextProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Ku celceli kaliya haddii hawshu is beddesho</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> prevProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> nextProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">         prevProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> nextProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-virtualization-loogu-talagalay-liisaska-dhaadheer">3. Virtualization loogu talagalay liisaska dhaadheer<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#3-virtualization-loogu-talagalay-liisaska-dhaadheer" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. Virtualization loogu talagalay liisaska dhaadheer" title="Direct link to 3. Virtualization loogu talagalay liisaska dhaadheer" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install react-window</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">FixedSizeList</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react-window'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">LargeTaskList</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> tasks </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">FixedSizeList</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">      </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">height</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript number" style="color:#36acaa">600</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">      </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">itemCount</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">tasks</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">length</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">      </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">itemSize</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript number" style="color:#36acaa">50</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> index</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> style </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">style</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">style</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">index</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">FixedSizeList</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-tijaabinta-qaybaha-react">🧪 Tijaabinta Qaybaha React<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#-tijaabinta-qaybaha-react" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🧪 Tijaabinta Qaybaha React" title="Direct link to 🧪 Tijaabinta Qaybaha React" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install --save-dev @testing-library/react @testing-library/jest-dom</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> render</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> screen</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> fireEvent </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'@testing-library/react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">TaskForm</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./TaskForm'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">test</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'adds a new task'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> handleAdd </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> jest</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">fn</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">render</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskForm</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onAddTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">handleAdd</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> input </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> screen</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getByPlaceholderText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token regex regex-delimiter" style="color:#36acaa">/</span><span class="token regex regex-source language-regex" style="color:#36acaa">maxaad doonaysaa inaad qabato</span><span class="token regex regex-delimiter" style="color:#36acaa">/</span><span class="token regex regex-flags" style="color:#36acaa">i</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> button </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> screen</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getByText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token regex regex-delimiter" style="color:#36acaa">/</span><span class="token regex regex-source language-regex" style="color:#36acaa">ku dar hawl</span><span class="token regex regex-delimiter" style="color:#36acaa">/</span><span class="token regex regex-flags" style="color:#36acaa">i</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  fireEvent</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">change</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">input</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">target</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">value</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Hawl cusub'</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  fireEvent</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">click</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">button</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">expect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">handleAdd</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">toHaveBeenCalledWith</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Hawl cusub'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-maktabado-react-oo-caan-ah">📦 Maktabado React oo Caan ah<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#-maktabado-react-oo-caan-ah" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📦 Maktabado React oo Caan ah" title="Direct link to 📦 Maktabado React oo Caan ah" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="maareynta-state-ka">Maareynta State-ka<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#maareynta-state-ka" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Maareynta State-ka" title="Direct link to Maareynta State-ka" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Redux Toolkit</strong>: Maareynta state adag oo nidaamsan</li>
<li><strong>Zustand</strong>: Ikhtiyaar fudud oo miisaan yar</li>
<li><strong>Jotai</strong>: Maareynta state kala qayb-samaynta (atomic)</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="routing">Routing<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#routing" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Routing" title="Direct link to Routing" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>React Router</strong>: Xalka routing-ka ee caadiga ah</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="maktabado-ui">Maktabado UI<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#maktabado-ui" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Maktabado UI" title="Direct link to Maktabado UI" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Material-UI</strong>: Naqshadda Material Design ee Google</li>
<li><strong>Ant Design</strong>: Qalab UI oo heer shirkadeed ah</li>
<li><strong>Chakra UI</strong>: Maktabad component oo la heli karo oo la jaanqaadaysa helitaanka (accessibility)</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="maareynta-foomamka">Maareynta Foomamka<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#maareynta-foomamka" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Maareynta Foomamka" title="Direct link to Maareynta Foomamka" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>React Hook Form</strong>: Foomam waxqabad sare leh</li>
<li><strong>Formik</strong>: Maktabad foom oo caanka ah</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-daabacaadda-deployment">🚀 Daabacaadda (Deployment)<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#-daabacaadda-deployment" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Daabacaadda (Deployment)" title="Direct link to 🚀 Daabacaadda (Deployment)" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Dhis nooca wax-soo-saarka</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm run build</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Tijaabi dhismaha wax-soo-saarka gudaha</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install -g serve</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">serve -s build</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ku daabac:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Vercel</strong>: <code>vercel --prod</code></li>
<li><strong>Netlify</strong>: Jiid oo dhig galka build-ka</li>
<li><strong>GitHub Pages</strong>: <code>npm run deploy</code></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-qodobbo-muhiim-ah">🎓 Qodobbo Muhiim ah<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#-qodobbo-muhiim-ah" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎓 Qodobbo Muhiim ah" title="Direct link to 🎓 Qodobbo Muhiim ah" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Components</strong>: Dhis qaybo dib loo adeegsan karo oo isku-dhafmi kara</li>
<li><strong>Hooks</strong>: Ku maamul state iyo saameynaha dibadda si habsami leh</li>
<li><strong>Virtual DOM</strong>: React ayaa si hufan u cusboonaysiisa UI-ga</li>
<li><strong>Unidirectional Data Flow</strong>: Waxay ka dhigtaa app-ka mid la saadaalin karo</li>
<li><strong>Context API</strong>: Ku wadaag state adigoon props badan ku gudbin</li>
<li><strong>Performance</strong>: U hagaaji waxqabadka iyadoo la adeegsanayo memo, useMemo, iyo useCallback</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-maxaa-xiga">📚 Maxaa Xiga?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development-af-soomaali#-maxaa-xiga" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📚 Maxaa Xiga?" title="Direct link to 📚 Maxaa Xiga?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>Baro Next.js si aad ugu fuliso server-side rendering</li>
<li>Sahami React Native si aad u dhisto barnaamijyo moobeel</li>
<li>Ku xeeldheerow TypeScript markaad la shaqaynayso React</li>
<li>Baro qaabab horumarsan (HOCs, Render Props)</li>
<li>Dhis mashruucyo dhab ah oo aad ku tababarto</li>
</ul>
<p>Deegaanka React waa mid ballaaran oo awood badan. Sii wad dhisidda, sii wad barashada!</p>
<hr>
<p><em>Diyaar ma u tahay inaad React si qoto dheer u barato? Ka eeg <a href="https://shutiye.dev/docs/react/overview">React course-keena</a> ama nagu xidh <a href="https://x.com/shutiye_dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Twitter</a>!</em></p>]]></content>
        <author>
            <name>Shutiye Dev</name>
            <uri>https://github.com/shutiye</uri>
        </author>
        <category label="React" term="React"/>
        <category label="JavaScript" term="JavaScript"/>
        <category label="Frontend" term="Frontend"/>
        <category label="Web Development" term="Web Development"/>
        <category label="Tutorial" term="Tutorial"/>
        <category label="somali" term="somali"/>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title type="html"><![CDATA[React - Building Modern Interactive User Interfaces]]></title>
        <id>https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development</id>
        <link href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development"/>
        <updated>2025-10-30T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <summary type="html"><![CDATA[React has transformed the way we build web applications. With its component-based architecture and virtual DOM, it makes creating interactive UIs simple and efficient. Let's build a complete application and explore React's powerful features!]]></summary>
        <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>React has transformed the way we build web applications. With its component-based architecture and virtual DOM, it makes creating interactive UIs simple and efficient. Let's build a complete application and explore React's powerful features!</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-why-react">🌟 Why React?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#-why-react" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🌟 Why React?" title="Direct link to 🌟 Why React?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>React dominates the frontend landscape for good reasons:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>🎯 Component-Based</strong>: Build encapsulated components that manage their own state</li>
<li><strong>⚡ Virtual DOM</strong>: Lightning-fast updates and rendering</li>
<li><strong>🔄 Declarative</strong>: Describe how your UI should look, React handles the rest</li>
<li><strong>🛠️ Developer Tools</strong>: Excellent debugging and development experience</li>
<li><strong>📚 Massive Ecosystem</strong>: Thousands of libraries and tools</li>
<li><strong>💼 Industry Standard</strong>: Used by Facebook, Netflix, Airbnb, and more</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="react-vs-other-frameworks">React vs Other Frameworks<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#react-vs-other-frameworks" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to React vs Other Frameworks" title="Direct link to React vs Other Frameworks" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<table><thead><tr><th>Feature</th><th>React</th><th>Vue</th><th>Angular</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Learning Curve</td><td>Moderate</td><td>Easy</td><td>Steep</td></tr><tr><td>Performance</td><td>Excellent</td><td>Excellent</td><td>Good</td></tr><tr><td>Bundle Size</td><td>Small</td><td>Smallest</td><td>Large</td></tr><tr><td>Community</td><td>Huge</td><td>Growing</td><td>Large</td></tr><tr><td>Best For</td><td>All sizes</td><td>Small-Medium</td><td>Enterprise</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-getting-started">🚀 Getting Started<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#-getting-started" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Getting Started" title="Direct link to 🚀 Getting Started" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="prerequisites">Prerequisites<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#prerequisites" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Prerequisites" title="Direct link to Prerequisites" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Check Node.js version (18+)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">node --version</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Check npm version</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm --version</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="create-react-app">Create React App<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#create-react-app" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Create React App" title="Direct link to Create React App" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Using Create React App (CRA)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npx create-react-app my-task-app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">cd my-task-app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Or use Vite (faster, modern)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm create vite@latest my-task-app -- --template react</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">cd my-task-app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="project-structure">Project Structure<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#project-structure" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Project Structure" title="Direct link to Project Structure" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">my-task-app/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── public/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   └── index.html</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── src/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── components/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   ├── TaskList.jsx</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   ├── TaskItem.jsx</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── TaskForm.jsx</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── hooks/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── useTasks.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── context/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── TaskContext.jsx</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── utils/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── helpers.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── App.jsx</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── App.css</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   └── index.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── package.json</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">└── README.md</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-building-a-task-management-app">🎯 Building a Task Management App<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#-building-a-task-management-app" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎯 Building a Task Management App" title="Direct link to 🎯 Building a Task Management App" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Let's build a complete task management application with modern React patterns.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-1-basic-component-structure">Step 1: Basic Component Structure<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#step-1-basic-component-structure" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 1: Basic Component Structure" title="Direct link to Step 1: Basic Component Structure" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>src/App.jsx</code>:</p>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">React</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useState</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> useEffect </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./App.css'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">TaskForm</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./components/TaskForm'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">TaskList</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./components/TaskList'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">TaskStats</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./components/TaskStats'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">App</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setFilter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'all'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Load tasks from localStorage on mount</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> savedTasks </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">localStorage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'tasks'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">savedTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">parse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">savedTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Save tasks to localStorage whenever they change</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">localStorage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">setItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'tasks'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Add new task</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">addTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> newTask </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">now</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">text</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">completed</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">createdAt</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">toISOString</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> newTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Toggle task completion</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">toggleTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">completed</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Delete task</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">deleteTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!==</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Edit task</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">editTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> newText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">text</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> newText </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Clear completed tasks</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">clearCompleted</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Filter tasks</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> filteredTasks </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">filter </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'active'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">filter </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'completed'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">app</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">header</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">app-header</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">h1</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">⚛️ React Task Manager</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">h1</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Stay organized and productive</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">header</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">main</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">app-main</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskForm</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onAddTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">addTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskStats</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">total</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">tasks</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">length</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">completed</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">tasks</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript parameter" style="color:#00009f">t</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> t</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">completed</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">length</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">active</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">tasks</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript parameter" style="color:#00009f">t</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">t</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">completed</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">length</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">filter-buttons</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">filter </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'all'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'active'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onClick</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setFilter</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'all'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">            All</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">filter </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'active'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'active'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onClick</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setFilter</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'active'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">            Active</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">filter </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'completed'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'active'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onClick</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setFilter</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'completed'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">            Completed</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskList</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">tasks</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">filteredTasks</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onToggleTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">toggleTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onDeleteTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">deleteTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onEditTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">editTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">some</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">t</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> t</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">clear-completed</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onClick</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">clearCompleted</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">            Clear Completed</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">main</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">App</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-2-task-form-component">Step 2: Task Form Component<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#step-2-task-form-component" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 2: Task Form Component" title="Direct link to Step 2: Task Form Component" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>src/components/TaskForm.jsx</code>:</p>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">React</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useState </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./TaskForm.css'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">TaskForm</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> onAddTask </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setTaskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">handleSubmit</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">e</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    e</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">preventDefault</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Validation</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">trim</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Task cannot be empty'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">length</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Task is too long (max 100 characters)'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Add task</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">onAddTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">trim</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Reset form</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTaskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">form</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-form</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onSubmit</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">handleSubmit</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">input-group</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">input</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">type</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">text</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">value</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">taskText</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onChange</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript parameter" style="color:#00009f">e</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setTaskText</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">e</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">target</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">value</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setError</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">placeholder</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">What needs to be done?</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">error </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">'error'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">maxLength</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">type</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">submit</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          Add Task</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">error </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">error-message</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">char-count</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">length</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text">/100 characters</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">form</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskForm</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-3-task-list-component">Step 3: Task List Component<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#step-3-task-list-component" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 3: Task List Component" title="Direct link to Step 3: Task List Component" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>src/components/TaskList.jsx</code>:</p>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">React</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">TaskItem</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./TaskItem'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./TaskList.css'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">TaskList</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> tasks</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onToggleTask</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onDeleteTask</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onEditTask </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">length</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">empty-state</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">empty-icon</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">📝</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">h3</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">No tasks yet</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">h3</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Add a task to get started!</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">ul</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-list</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskItem</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">key</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">id</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onToggle</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">onToggleTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onDelete</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">onDeleteTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onEdit</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">onEditTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">ul</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskList</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-4-task-item-component">Step 4: Task Item Component<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#step-4-task-item-component" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 4: Task Item Component" title="Direct link to Step 4: Task Item Component" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>src/components/TaskItem.jsx</code>:</p>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">React</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useState </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./TaskItem.css'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">TaskItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> task</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onToggle</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onDelete</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onEdit </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">isEditing</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setIsEditing</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">editText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setEditText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">handleEdit</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">editText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">trim</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token plain"> editText </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!==</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">onEdit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> editText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">trim</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">else</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setEditText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setIsEditing</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">handleKeyDown</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">e</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">e</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">key</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Enter'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">handleEdit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">else</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">e</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">key</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Escape'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setEditText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setIsEditing</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">li</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">task-item </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation" style="color:#00009f">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation property-access" style="color:#00009f">completed</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">'completed'</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">''</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-content</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">input</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">type</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">checkbox</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">checked</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">completed</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onChange</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">onToggle</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">id</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-checkbox</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">isEditing </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">input</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">type</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">text</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">value</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">editText</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onChange</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript parameter" style="color:#00009f">e</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setEditText</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">e</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">target</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">value</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onBlur</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">handleEdit</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onKeyDown</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">handleKeyDown</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-edit-input</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">autoFocus</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">span</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-text</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onDoubleClick</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">completed</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setIsEditing</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">            </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">span</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-actions</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">isEditing </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onClick</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">setIsEditing</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">btn-edit</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">            </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">title</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">Edit task</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">            ✏️</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onClick</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag script language-javascript function" style="color:#d73a49">onDelete</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">task</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">id</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">btn-delete</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">          </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">title</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">Delete task</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          🗑️</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">button</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-meta</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">small</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">createdAt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">toLocaleDateString</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">small</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">li</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-5-task-stats-component">Step 5: Task Stats Component<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#step-5-task-stats-component" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 5: Task Stats Component" title="Direct link to Step 5: Task Stats Component" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>src/components/TaskStats.jsx</code>:</p>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">React</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./TaskStats.css'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">TaskStats</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> total</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> completed</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> active </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> completionRate </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> total </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Math</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">round</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">completed </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">/</span><span class="token plain"> total</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">*</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">task-stats</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-card</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-icon</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">📊</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-content</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-value</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">total</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-label</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Total Tasks</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-card</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-icon</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">✅</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-content</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-value</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">completed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-label</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Completed</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-card</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-icon</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">⏳</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-content</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-value</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">active</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-label</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Active</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-card</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-icon</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">📈</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-content</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-value</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">completionRate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text">%</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">className</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation attr-equals" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag attr-value" style="color:#e3116c">stat-label</span><span class="token tag attr-value punctuation" style="color:#393A34">"</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Completion</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">p</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskStats</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-styling-with-css">🎨 Styling with CSS<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#-styling-with-css" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎨 Styling with CSS" title="Direct link to 🎨 Styling with CSS" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Create <code>src/App.css</code>:</p>
<div class="language-css codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-css codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.app</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">min-height</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token unit">vh</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">background</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">linear-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">135</span><span class="token unit">deg</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token hexcode color">#667eea</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token hexcode color">#764ba2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">padding</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.app-header</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> center</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">color</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token color">white</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">margin-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.app-header</span><span class="token selector" style="color:#00009f"> h1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">font-size</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">margin-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0.5</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">text-shadow</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">4</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token color function" style="color:#d73a49">rgba</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0.2</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.app-main</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">max-width</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">800</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">margin</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token plain"> auto</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">background</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token color">white</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">border-radius</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">20</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">padding</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">box-shadow</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">20</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">60</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token color function" style="color:#d73a49">rgba</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token color number" style="color:#36acaa">0.3</span><span class="token color punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.filter-buttons</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">display</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> flex</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">gap</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">margin</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.filter-buttons</span><span class="token selector" style="color:#00009f"> button</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">flex</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">padding</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0.75</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">border</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token plain"> solid </span><span class="token hexcode color">#e0e0e0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">background</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token color">white</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">border-radius</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">8</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">cursor</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> pointer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">transition</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> all </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0.3</span><span class="token unit">s</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.filter-buttons</span><span class="token selector" style="color:#00009f"> button</span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.active</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">background</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token hexcode color">#667eea</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">color</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token color">white</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">border-color</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token hexcode color">#667eea</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.clear-completed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">width</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">margin-top</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">padding</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token unit">rem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">background</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token hexcode color">#ff6b6b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">color</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token color">white</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">border</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> none</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">border-radius</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">8</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">cursor</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> pointer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">transition</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> background </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0.3</span><span class="token unit">s</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token selector class" style="color:#00009f">.clear-completed</span><span class="token selector pseudo-class" style="color:#00009f">:hover</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">background</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token hexcode color">#ff5252</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-custom-hooks">🎣 Custom Hooks<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#-custom-hooks" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎣 Custom Hooks" title="Direct link to 🎣 Custom Hooks" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Create <code>src/hooks/useTasks.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useState</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> useEffect </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setLoading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Load tasks from localStorage</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> savedTasks </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">localStorage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'tasks'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">savedTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">parse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">savedTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Error loading tasks:'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">finally</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setLoading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Save tasks to localStorage</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">localStorage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">setItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'tasks'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">addTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> newTask </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">now</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">text</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> taskText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">completed</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">createdAt</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">toISOString</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">prev</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">prev</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> newTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">toggleTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">prev</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      prev</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">completed</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">deleteTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">prev</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> prev</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!==</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">editTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> newText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">prev</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      prev</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">text</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> newText </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">clearCompleted</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">prev</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> prev</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    addTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    toggleTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    deleteTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    editTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    clearCompleted</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-context-api-for-state-management">🌐 Context API for State Management<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#-context-api-for-state-management" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🌐 Context API for State Management" title="Direct link to 🌐 Context API for State Management" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Create <code>src/context/TaskContext.jsx</code>:</p>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">React</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> createContext</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> useContext</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> useState</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> useEffect </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskContext</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">createContext</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">TaskProvider</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> children </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setFilter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'all'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Load and save tasks</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> saved </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">localStorage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'tasks'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">saved</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">parse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">saved</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token dom variable" style="color:#36acaa">localStorage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">setItem</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'tasks'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">addTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">now</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">completed</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">createdAt</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">toISOString</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">toggleTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">t</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      t</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">t</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">completed</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">t</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> t</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">deleteTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">t</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> t</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!==</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> value </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    setFilter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    addTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    toggleTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    deleteTask</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskContext.Provider</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">value</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">value</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">children</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskContext.Provider</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useTasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> context </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useContext</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskContext</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">context</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">throw</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'useTasks must be used within TaskProvider'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> context</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-advanced-react-patterns">⚡ Advanced React Patterns<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#-advanced-react-patterns" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to ⚡ Advanced React Patterns" title="Direct link to ⚡ Advanced React Patterns" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-memoization-with-usememo">1. Memoization with useMemo<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#1-memoization-with-usememo" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Memoization with useMemo" title="Direct link to 1. Memoization with useMemo" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useMemo </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">TaskList</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> tasks </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> sortedTasks </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useMemo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">sort</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">a</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">b</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">createdAt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">createdAt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/* render sortedTasks */</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-callback-optimization-with-usecallback">2. Callback Optimization with useCallback<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#2-callback-optimization-with-usecallback" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. Callback Optimization with useCallback" title="Direct link to 2. Callback Optimization with useCallback" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useCallback </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">App</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> handleTaskAdd </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useCallback</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Add task logic</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskForm</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onAdd</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">handleTaskAdd</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-usereducer-for-complex-state">3. useReducer for Complex State<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#3-usereducer-for-complex-state" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. useReducer for Complex State" title="Direct link to 3. useReducer for Complex State" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useReducer </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">taskReducer</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">state</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> action</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">switch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">action</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">type</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">case</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'ADD_TASK'</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> action</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">payload</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">case</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'TOGGLE_TASK'</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> action</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">payload</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">          </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">completed</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">          </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">case</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'DELETE_TASK'</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">task</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!==</span><span class="token plain"> action</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">payload</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">App</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useReducer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">taskReducer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">addTask</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'ADD_TASK'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">payload</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">now</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> text </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/* Your JSX */</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="4-custom-hook-for-api-calls">4. Custom Hook for API Calls<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#4-custom-hook-for-api-calls" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 4. Custom Hook for API Calls" title="Direct link to 4. Custom Hook for API Calls" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> useState</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> useEffect </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useApi</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">url</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setData</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setLoading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> setError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useState</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">fetch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">url</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">then</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">res</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">then</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">setData</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">setError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">finally</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">setLoading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">url</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> error </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Usage</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">ProductList</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> error </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">useApi</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/api/products'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">loading</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Loading...</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text">Error: </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/* Render products */</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-performance-optimization">🚀 Performance Optimization<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#-performance-optimization" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Performance Optimization" title="Direct link to 🚀 Performance Optimization" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-code-splitting">1. Code Splitting<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#1-code-splitting" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Code Splitting" title="Direct link to 1. Code Splitting" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> lazy</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">Suspense</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskList</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">lazy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./components/TaskList'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">App</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">Suspense</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">fallback</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript plain-text" style="color:#00009f">Loading...</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskList</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">Suspense</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-reactmemo-for-component-memoization">2. React.memo for Component Memoization<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#2-reactmemo-for-component-memoization" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. React.memo for Component Memoization" title="Direct link to 2. React.memo for Component Memoization" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> memo </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">TaskItem</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">memo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> task</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onToggle</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> onDelete </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">li</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/* Task content */</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">li</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">prevProps</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> nextProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Only re-render if task changed</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> prevProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> nextProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">         prevProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> nextProps</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">completed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-virtualization-for-long-lists">3. Virtualization for Long Lists<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#3-virtualization-for-long-lists" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. Virtualization for Long Lists" title="Direct link to 3. Virtualization for Long Lists" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install react-window</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">FixedSizeList</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'react-window'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">LargeTaskList</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> tasks </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">FixedSizeList</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">      </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">height</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript number" style="color:#36acaa">600</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">      </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">itemCount</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">tasks</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript property-access" style="color:#00009f">length</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">      </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">itemSize</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript number" style="color:#36acaa">50</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token parameter"> index</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> style </span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">style</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">style</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">          </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">index</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f">div</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain-text"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain-text">    </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;/</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">FixedSizeList</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-testing-react-components">🧪 Testing React Components<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#-testing-react-components" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🧪 Testing React Components" title="Direct link to 🧪 Testing React Components" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install --save-dev @testing-library/react @testing-library/jest-dom</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-jsx codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-jsx codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> render</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> screen</span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token imports"> fireEvent </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'@testing-library/react'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">TaskForm</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./TaskForm'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">test</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'adds a new task'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> handleAdd </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> jest</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">fn</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">render</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token tag class-name" style="color:#00009f">TaskForm</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag attr-name" style="color:#00a4db">onAddTask</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript script-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript" style="color:#00009f">handleAdd</span><span class="token tag script language-javascript punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token tag" style="color:#00009f"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style="color:#393A34">/&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> input </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> screen</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getByPlaceholderText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token regex regex-delimiter" style="color:#36acaa">/</span><span class="token regex regex-source language-regex" style="color:#36acaa">what needs to be done</span><span class="token regex regex-delimiter" style="color:#36acaa">/</span><span class="token regex regex-flags" style="color:#36acaa">i</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> button </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> screen</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getByText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token regex regex-delimiter" style="color:#36acaa">/</span><span class="token regex regex-source language-regex" style="color:#36acaa">add task</span><span class="token regex regex-delimiter" style="color:#36acaa">/</span><span class="token regex regex-flags" style="color:#36acaa">i</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  fireEvent</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">change</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">input</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">target</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">value</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'New task'</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  fireEvent</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">click</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">button</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">expect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">handleAdd</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">toHaveBeenCalledWith</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'New task'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-popular-react-libraries">📦 Popular React Libraries<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#-popular-react-libraries" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📦 Popular React Libraries" title="Direct link to 📦 Popular React Libraries" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="state-management">State Management<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#state-management" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to State Management" title="Direct link to State Management" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Redux Toolkit</strong>: Complex state management</li>
<li><strong>Zustand</strong>: Lightweight alternative</li>
<li><strong>Jotai</strong>: Atomic state management</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="routing">Routing<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#routing" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Routing" title="Direct link to Routing" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>React Router</strong>: Standard routing solution</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="ui-libraries">UI Libraries<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#ui-libraries" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to UI Libraries" title="Direct link to UI Libraries" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Material-UI</strong>: Google's Material Design</li>
<li><strong>Ant Design</strong>: Enterprise-grade UI</li>
<li><strong>Chakra UI</strong>: Accessible component library</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="form-handling">Form Handling<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#form-handling" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Form Handling" title="Direct link to Form Handling" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>React Hook Form</strong>: Performant forms</li>
<li><strong>Formik</strong>: Popular form library</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-deployment">🚀 Deployment<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#-deployment" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Deployment" title="Direct link to 🚀 Deployment" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Build for production</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm run build</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Test production build locally</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install -g serve</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">serve -s build</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Deploy to:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Vercel</strong>: <code>vercel --prod</code></li>
<li><strong>Netlify</strong>: Drag &amp; drop build folder</li>
<li><strong>GitHub Pages</strong>: <code>npm run deploy</code></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-key-takeaways">🎓 Key Takeaways<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#-key-takeaways" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎓 Key Takeaways" title="Direct link to 🎓 Key Takeaways" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Components</strong>: Build reusable, composable pieces</li>
<li><strong>Hooks</strong>: Manage state and side effects elegantly</li>
<li><strong>Virtual DOM</strong>: React efficiently updates the UI</li>
<li><strong>Unidirectional Data Flow</strong>: Makes apps predictable</li>
<li><strong>Context API</strong>: Share state without prop drilling</li>
<li><strong>Performance</strong>: Optimize with memo, useMemo, useCallback</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-whats-next">📚 What's Next?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/react-modern-frontend-development#-whats-next" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📚 What's Next?" title="Direct link to 📚 What's Next?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>Learn Next.js for server-side rendering</li>
<li>Explore React Native for mobile apps</li>
<li>Master TypeScript with React</li>
<li>Study advanced patterns (HOCs, Render Props)</li>
<li>Build real-world projects</li>
</ul>
<p>React's ecosystem is vast and powerful. Keep building, keep learning!</p>
<hr>
<p><em>Ready to master React? Check out our <a href="https://shutiye.dev/docs/react/overview">React course</a> or follow us on <a href="https://x.com/shutiye_dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Twitter</a>!</em></p>]]></content>
        <author>
            <name>Shutiye Dev</name>
            <uri>https://github.com/shutiye</uri>
        </author>
        <category label="React" term="React"/>
        <category label="JavaScript" term="JavaScript"/>
        <category label="Frontend" term="Frontend"/>
        <category label="Web Development" term="Web Development"/>
        <category label="Tutorial" term="Tutorial"/>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title type="html"><![CDATA[📝 Blog Directory]]></title>
        <id>https://shutiye.dev/blog/README</id>
        <link href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README"/>
        <updated>2025-10-12T07:57:07.000Z</updated>
        <summary type="html"><![CDATA[This directory contains the blog content for the Shutiye Dev website. The blog features technical tutorials, programming guides, and development best practices.]]></summary>
        <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>This directory contains the blog content for the Shutiye Dev website. The blog features technical tutorials, programming guides, and development best practices.</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-navigation-guide">🧭 Navigation Guide<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#-navigation-guide" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🧭 Navigation Guide" title="Direct link to 🧭 Navigation Guide" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="accessing-the-blog">Accessing the Blog<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#accessing-the-blog" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Accessing the Blog" title="Direct link to Accessing the Blog" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>When you visit the website, you can access the blog through:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Main Navigation Bar</strong> → Click "Blog" in the top navigation</li>
<li><strong>Blog Homepage</strong> → View all posts at <code>/blog</code></li>
<li><strong>Tag Pages</strong> → Filter posts by technology/topic</li>
<li><strong>Author Pages</strong> → Browse posts by author</li>
<li><strong>RSS Feed</strong> → Subscribe to updates at <code>/blog/rss.xml</code></li>
</ol>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="blog-features">Blog Features<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#blog-features" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Blog Features" title="Direct link to Blog Features" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Search</strong>: Use the search bar to find specific topics or keywords</li>
<li><strong>Filters</strong>: Browse by tags like <code>java</code>, <code>python</code>, <code>react</code>, <code>backend</code>, <code>frontend</code></li>
<li><strong>Categories</strong>: Posts organized by programming languages and frameworks</li>
<li><strong>Archives</strong>: Browse posts chronologically</li>
<li><strong>Dark Mode</strong>: Comfortable reading in any lighting condition</li>
<li><strong>Mobile Friendly</strong>: Responsive design for reading on any device</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-directory-structure">📂 Directory Structure<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#-directory-structure" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📂 Directory Structure" title="Direct link to 📂 Directory Structure" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">blog/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── YYYY-MM-DD-post-slug.md    # Blog post files</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── authors.yml                # Author information and profiles</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── tags.yml                   # Tag definitions and descriptions</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">└── README.md                  # This navigation guide</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="file-naming-convention">File Naming Convention<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#file-naming-convention" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to File Naming Convention" title="Direct link to File Naming Convention" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Blog posts follow the format: <code>YYYY-MM-DD-post-slug.md</code></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>YYYY-MM-DD</strong>: Publication date</li>
<li><strong>post-slug</strong>: URL-friendly post identifier</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="️-content-organization">✍️ Content Organization<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#%EF%B8%8F-content-organization" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to ✍️ Content Organization" title="Direct link to ✍️ Content Organization" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="front-matter">Front Matter<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#front-matter" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Front Matter" title="Direct link to Front Matter" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Each blog post includes metadata at the top:</p>
<div class="language-yaml codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-yaml codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">---</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">slug</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> unique</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">identifier</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">title</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Post Title for Display</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">authors</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> shutiye</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">tags</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">topic1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> topic2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> topic3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">---</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="post-structure">Post Structure<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#post-structure" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Post Structure" title="Direct link to Post Structure" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Title</strong>: Clear, descriptive heading</li>
<li><strong>Introduction</strong>: Brief overview before <code>&lt;!-- truncate --&gt;</code></li>
<li><strong>Main Content</strong>: Detailed tutorial or guide</li>
<li><strong>Code Examples</strong>: Syntax-highlighted code blocks</li>
<li><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Summary and next steps</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="️-tag-system">🏷️ Tag System<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#%EF%B8%8F-tag-system" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🏷️ Tag System" title="Direct link to 🏷️ Tag System" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Tags help readers find related content. Available categories include:</p>
<p><strong>Programming Languages:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>java</code>, <code>python</code>, <code>javascript</code>, <code>nodejs</code></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Frameworks &amp; Libraries:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>spring-boot</code>, <code>fastapi</code>, <code>express</code>, <code>react</code></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Development Areas:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>backend</code>, <code>frontend</code>, <code>web-development</code>, <code>rest-api</code></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Content Types:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>tutorial</code>, <code>guide</code>, <code>best-practices</code></li>
</ul>
<p>All tags are defined in <code>tags.yml</code> with descriptions and permalinks.</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-design--styling">🎨 Design &amp; Styling<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#-design--styling" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎨 Design &amp; Styling" title="Direct link to 🎨 Design &amp; Styling" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>The blog uses custom styling for optimal reading experience:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Typography</strong>: Readable fonts and proper line spacing</li>
<li><strong>Code Blocks</strong>: Syntax-highlighted with copy buttons</li>
<li><strong>Tables</strong>: Clean, responsive table layouts</li>
<li><strong>Dark Mode</strong>: Automatic theme switching</li>
<li><strong>Responsive</strong>: Mobile-first design approach</li>
<li><strong>Accessibility</strong>: WCAG compliant for all users</li>
</ul>
<p>Custom styles are defined in <code>/src/css/blog-custom.css</code></p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-reading-features">📖 Reading Features<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#-reading-features" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📖 Reading Features" title="Direct link to 📖 Reading Features" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="interactive-elements">Interactive Elements<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#interactive-elements" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Interactive Elements" title="Direct link to Interactive Elements" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Table of Contents</strong>: Quick navigation to sections</li>
<li><strong>Code Copying</strong>: One-click code snippet copying</li>
<li><strong>Social Sharing</strong>: Share posts on social media</li>
<li><strong>Related Posts</strong>: Discover similar content</li>
<li><strong>Reading Time</strong>: Estimated time to read each post</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="navigation-helpers">Navigation Helpers<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#navigation-helpers" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Navigation Helpers" title="Direct link to Navigation Helpers" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Breadcrumbs</strong>: Know where you are in the site</li>
<li><strong>Previous/Next</strong>: Navigate between posts</li>
<li><strong>Back to Top</strong>: Quick return to page top</li>
<li><strong>Search</strong>: Find specific topics instantly</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-finding-content">🔍 Finding Content<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#-finding-content" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🔍 Finding Content" title="Direct link to 🔍 Finding Content" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="by-technology">By Technology<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#by-technology" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to By Technology" title="Direct link to By Technology" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Visit tag pages to filter by technology:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>/blog/tags/java</code> - Java tutorials</li>
<li><code>/blog/tags/python</code> - Python guides</li>
<li><code>/blog/tags/react</code> - React tutorials</li>
<li><code>/blog/tags/backend</code> - Backend development</li>
<li><code>/blog/tags/frontend</code> - Frontend development</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="by-date">By Date<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#by-date" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to By Date" title="Direct link to By Date" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Blog Archive</strong>: <code>/blog/archive</code> - View all posts by date</li>
<li><strong>Recent Posts</strong>: Main blog page shows newest content first</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="by-search">By Search<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#by-search" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to By Search" title="Direct link to By Search" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Use the search bar in the navigation to find:</p>
<ul>
<li>Specific topics or keywords</li>
<li>Code examples</li>
<li>Tutorial series</li>
<li>Technology guides</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-mobile-experience">📱 Mobile Experience<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#-mobile-experience" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📱 Mobile Experience" title="Direct link to 📱 Mobile Experience" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>The blog is fully optimized for mobile devices:</p>
<ul>
<li>Touch-friendly navigation</li>
<li>Readable font sizes</li>
<li>Responsive code blocks</li>
<li>Fast loading times</li>
<li>Offline reading (PWA support)</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-quick-links">🔗 Quick Links<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#-quick-links" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🔗 Quick Links" title="Direct link to 🔗 Quick Links" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="main-site-navigation">Main Site Navigation<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#main-site-navigation" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Main Site Navigation" title="Direct link to Main Site Navigation" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Home</strong>: <code>/</code> - Landing page and site overview</li>
<li><strong>Documentation</strong>: <code>/docs</code> - Learning curriculum and courses</li>
<li><strong>Blog</strong>: <code>/blog</code> - Technical tutorials and guides</li>
<li><strong>About</strong>: <code>/about</code> - About Shutiye Dev</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="blog-sections">Blog Sections<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#blog-sections" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Blog Sections" title="Direct link to Blog Sections" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>All Posts</strong>: <code>/blog</code> - Complete blog post list</li>
<li><strong>Archives</strong>: <code>/blog/archive</code> - Posts by publication date</li>
<li><strong>Tags</strong>: <code>/blog/tags</code> - Browse by topic</li>
<li><strong>Authors</strong>: <code>/blog/authors</code> - Posts by author</li>
<li><strong>RSS Feed</strong>: <code>/blog/rss.xml</code> - Subscribe to updates</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-content-updates">📊 Content Updates<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#-content-updates" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📊 Content Updates" title="Direct link to 📊 Content Updates" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>The blog is regularly updated with:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>New Tutorials</strong>: Step-by-step programming guides</li>
<li><strong>Framework Guides</strong>: Deep dives into popular frameworks</li>
<li><strong>Best Practices</strong>: Industry-standard approaches</li>
<li><strong>Code Examples</strong>: Real-world implementation samples</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-community">🌐 Community<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/README#-community" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🌐 Community" title="Direct link to 🌐 Community" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Connect with Shutiye Dev:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Twitter/X</strong>: <a href="https://x.com/shutiye_dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">@shutiye_dev</a></li>
<li><strong>LinkedIn</strong>: <a href="https://linkedin.com/in/shutiye" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Shutiye Dev</a></li>
<li><strong>GitHub</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/shutiye" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">shutiye</a></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<p><strong>Happy Reading! 📚</strong></p>]]></content>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title type="html"><![CDATA[Node.js & Express – Dhisidda Barnaamijyo Backend oo Maamuli karo]]></title>
        <id>https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali</id>
        <link href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali"/>
        <updated>2025-09-25T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Node.js ayaa si weyn u beddelay horumarinta JavaScript-ka ee dhinaca server-ka, halka Express.js ay ka dhigto mid aad u fudud in laga dhiso API-yo iyo barnaamijyo shabakad awood badan. Aan u dhex galno dhisidda backend diyaar u ah wax-soo-saar!]]></summary>
        <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Node.js ayaa si weyn u beddelay horumarinta JavaScript-ka ee dhinaca server-ka, halka Express.js ay ka dhigto mid aad u fudud in laga dhiso API-yo iyo barnaamijyo shabakad awood badan. Aan u dhex galno dhisidda backend diyaar u ah wax-soo-saar!</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-muxay-nodejs--express-muhiim-u-yihiin-">🌟 Muxay Node.js &amp; Express muhiim u yihiin ?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#-muxay-nodejs--express-muhiim-u-yihiin-" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🌟 Muxay Node.js &amp; Express muhiim u yihiin ?" title="Direct link to 🌟 Muxay Node.js &amp; Express muhiim u yihiin ?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Node.js iyo Express waxay hoggaansan yihiin deegaanka backend ee JavaScript sababo dhowr ah dartood:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>⚡ Non-blocking I/O</strong>: Waxay maareeyaan kumannaan isku xirka is barbar socda</li>
<li><strong>🔄 JavaScript meel walba</strong>: Hal luqad ka shaqaysa frontend iyo backend</li>
<li><strong>📦 Deegaanka NPM</strong>: In ka badan 2 milyan oo xidhmooyin ah</li>
<li><strong>🚀 Horumar degdeg ah</strong>: Dhis oo qaadid si dhaqso ah</li>
<li><strong>💪 La kordhin karo</strong>: Ku habboon microservices iyo abka waqtiga-dhabta ah</li>
<li><strong>👥 Bulsho firfircoon</strong>: Taageero iyo agab fara badan</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="goorma-ayaa-nodejs-la-isticmaalaa">Goorma ayaa Node.js la isticmaalaa?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#goorma-ayaa-nodejs-la-isticmaalaa" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Goorma ayaa Node.js la isticmaalaa?" title="Direct link to Goorma ayaa Node.js la isticmaalaa?" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>✅ <strong>Ku habboon:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Barnaamijyo waqtiga-dhabta ah (chat, ciyaaro, wada-shaqeyn)</li>
<li>RESTful APIs iyo microservices</li>
<li>Single-page applications</li>
<li>Barnaamijyo qulqul (streaming)</li>
<li>IoT applications</li>
</ul>
<p>❌ <strong>Lama doorbido:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Hawlo CPU culus ah</li>
<li>Xisaab adag oo qalafsan</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-sida-loo-bilaabo">📦 Sida loo bilaabo<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#-sida-loo-bilaabo" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📦 Sida loo bilaabo" title="Direct link to 📦 Sida loo bilaabo" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="shuruudaha-hore">Shuruudaha Hore<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#shuruudaha-hore" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Shuruudaha Hore" title="Direct link to Shuruudaha Hore" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Hubi nooca Node.js (ugu yaraan 18)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">node --version</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Hubi nooca npm</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm --version</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Haddii aan la rakibin, ka soo dejiso nodejs.org</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="dejinta-mashruuca">Dejinta Mashruuca<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#dejinta-mashruuca" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Dejinta Mashruuca" title="Direct link to Dejinta Mashruuca" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Abuur galka mashruuca</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">mkdir express-ecommerce-api</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">cd express-ecommerce-api</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Bilow npm project</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm init -y</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Ku rakib ku-tiirsanaanta</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install express mongoose dotenv cors helmet morgan</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install --save-dev nodemon</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Ku rakib agab horumarineed</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install --save-dev @types/node @types/express</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="️-qaab-dhismeedka-mashruuca">🏗️ Qaab-dhismeedka Mashruuca<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#%EF%B8%8F-qaab-dhismeedka-mashruuca" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🏗️ Qaab-dhismeedka Mashruuca" title="Direct link to 🏗️ Qaab-dhismeedka Mashruuca" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Dhiso qaab sax ah oo la kordhin karo:</p>
<div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">express-ecommerce-api/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── src/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── config/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── database.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── controllers/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   ├── productController.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── orderController.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── models/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   ├── Product.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── Order.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── routes/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   ├── productRoutes.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── orderRoutes.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── middleware/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   ├── errorHandler.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── validateRequest.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── utils/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── logger.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   └── app.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── .env</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── .gitignore</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── package.json</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">└── server.js</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-dhisidda-api-e-commerce-ah">🎯 Dhisidda API E-Commerce ah<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#-dhisidda-api-e-commerce-ah" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎯 Dhisidda API E-Commerce ah" title="Direct link to 🎯 Dhisidda API E-Commerce ah" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Aan dhisno API e-commerce oo dhamaystiran oo haya badeecooyin iyo amarro.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-1-dejinta-deegaanka">Tallaabada 1: Dejinta Deegaanka<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#tallaabada-1-dejinta-deegaanka" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 1: Dejinta Deegaanka" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 1: Dejinta Deegaanka" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>.env</code>:</p>
<div class="language-env codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-env codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Dejinta server-ka</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">PORT=5000</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">NODE_ENV=development</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Kaydka xogta</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">MONGODB_URI=mongodb://localhost:27017/ecommerce</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Ama isticmaal MongoDB Atlas:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># MONGODB_URI=mongodb+srv://username:password@cluster.mongodb.net/ecommerce</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Sirta JWT</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">JWT_SECRET=your_super_secret_key_change_in_production</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Dejinta API</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">API_VERSION=v1</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Abuur <code>.gitignore</code>:</p>
<div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">node_modules/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">.env</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">*.log</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">dist/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">build/</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-2-dejinta-xiriirka-kaydka-xogta">Tallaabada 2: Dejinta Xiriirka Kaydka Xogta<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#tallaabada-2-dejinta-xiriirka-kaydka-xogta" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 2: Dejinta Xiriirka Kaydka Xogta" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 2: Dejinta Xiriirka Kaydka Xogta" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>src/config/database.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> mongoose </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'mongoose'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">connectDB</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> conn </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> mongoose</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">connect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">process</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">env</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token constant" style="color:#36acaa">MONGODB_URI</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">useNewUrlParser</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">useUnifiedTopology</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">log</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">✅ MongoDB Connected: </span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation">conn</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation property-access">connection</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation property-access">host</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">❌ Error: </span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation">error</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation property-access">message</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    process</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">exit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">module</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">exports</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> connectDB</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-3-abuur-model-yada">Tallaabada 3: Abuur Model-yada<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#tallaabada-3-abuur-model-yada" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 3: Abuur Model-yada" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 3: Abuur Model-yada" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>src/models/Product.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> mongoose </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'mongoose'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> productSchema </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">mongoose</span><span class="token class-name punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token class-name">Schema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">name</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product name is required'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">trim</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">maxlength</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product name cannot exceed 100 characters'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">description</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product description is required'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">maxlength</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2000</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Description cannot exceed 2000 characters'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">price</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product price is required'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">min</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Price cannot be negative'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">category</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product category is required'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">enum</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Electronics'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Clothing'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Books'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Home'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Sports'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Other'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">stock</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">min</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Stock cannot be negative'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">images</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">rating</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">min</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">max</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">5</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">numReviews</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">featured</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Boolean</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">timestamps</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Index for better search performance</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">productSchema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">index</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">name</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'text'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">description</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'text'</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">module</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">exports</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> mongoose</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">model</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> productSchema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Abuur <code>src/models/Order.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> mongoose </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'mongoose'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> orderSchema </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">mongoose</span><span class="token class-name punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token class-name">Schema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">orderNumber</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">unique</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">customer</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">name</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">email</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">phone</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">items</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">product</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> mongoose</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access maybe-class-name">Schema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access maybe-class-name">Types</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access maybe-class-name">ObjectId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">ref</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">quantity</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">min</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">price</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">shippingAddress</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">street</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">city</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">state</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">zipCode</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">country</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">totalAmount</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">status</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">enum</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'pending'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'processing'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'shipped'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'delivered'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'cancelled'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'pending'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">paymentStatus</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">enum</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'pending'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'completed'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'failed'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'pending'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">timestamps</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Generate order number before saving</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">orderSchema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">pre</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'save'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">this</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">orderNumber</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">this</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">orderNumber</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">ORD-</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">now</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">-</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation known-class-name class-name">Math</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">floor</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string interpolation known-class-name class-name">Math</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">random</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token template-string interpolation"> </span><span class="token template-string interpolation operator" style="color:#393A34">*</span><span class="token template-string interpolation"> </span><span class="token template-string interpolation number" style="color:#36acaa">1000</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">module</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">exports</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> mongoose</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">model</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Order'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> orderSchema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-4-abuur-controllers">Tallaabada 4: Abuur Controllers<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#tallaabada-4-abuur-controllers" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 4: Abuur Controllers" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 4: Abuur Controllers" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>src/controllers/productController.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'../models/Product'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @desc    Get all products</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @route   GET /api/v1/products</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @access  Public</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method-variable function-variable method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getProducts</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> page </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> limit </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> search</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> sort </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Build query</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> query </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">category</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">search</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">$text</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">$search</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> search </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Build sort</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">let</span><span class="token plain"> sortOption </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">sort </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'price_asc'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> sortOption</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">price</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">else</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">sort </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'price_desc'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> sortOption</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">price</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">else</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">sort </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'rating'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> sortOption</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">rating</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">else</span><span class="token plain"> sortOption</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">createdAt</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Execute query with pagination</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> products </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">find</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">sort</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">sortOption</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">limit </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">*</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">skip</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">page </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">*</span><span class="token plain"> limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">exec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> count </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">countDocuments</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">count</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> products</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">length</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">total</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> count</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">page</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">page</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">pages</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Math</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">ceil</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">count </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">/</span><span class="token plain"> limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> products</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @desc    Get single product</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @route   GET /api/v1/products/:id</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @access  Public</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method-variable function-variable method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getProduct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> product </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">findById</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">params</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">404</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product not found'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @desc    Create product</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @route   POST /api/v1/products</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @access  Private/Admin</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method-variable function-variable method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">createProduct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> product </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">create</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">201</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @desc    Update product</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @route   PUT /api/v1/products/:id</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @access  Private/Admin</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method-variable function-variable method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">updateProduct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> product </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">findByIdAndUpdate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">params</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">runValidators</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">404</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product not found'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @desc    Delete product</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @route   DELETE /api/v1/products/:id</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @access  Private/Admin</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method-variable function-variable method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">deleteProduct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> product </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">findByIdAndDelete</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">params</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">404</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product not found'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product deleted successfully'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @desc    Get featured products</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @route   GET /api/v1/products/featured</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @access  Public</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method-variable function-variable method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getFeaturedProducts</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> products </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">find</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">featured</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">sort</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'-rating'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">count</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> products</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">length</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> products</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-5-abuur-routes">Tallaabada 5: Abuur Routes<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#tallaabada-5-abuur-routes" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 5: Abuur Routes" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 5: Abuur Routes" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>src/routes/productRoutes.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> express </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'express'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  getProducts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  getProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  createProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  updateProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  deleteProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  getFeaturedProducts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'../controllers/productController'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> router </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> express</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">Router</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">router</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/featured'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> getFeaturedProducts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">router</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">route</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">getProducts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">createProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">router</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">route</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/:id'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">getProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">put</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">updateProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">delete</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">deleteProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">module</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">exports</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> router</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-6-middleware">Tallaabada 6: Middleware<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#tallaabada-6-middleware" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 6: Middleware" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 6: Middleware" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>src/middleware/errorHandler.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">errorHandler</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">err</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">let</span><span class="token plain"> error </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">err </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">message</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> err</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Log to console for dev</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">err</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Mongoose bad ObjectId</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">err</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">name</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'CastError'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> message </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Resource not found'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    error </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">statusCode</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">404</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Mongoose duplicate key</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">err</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">code</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">11000</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> message </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Duplicate field value entered'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    error </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">statusCode</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">400</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Mongoose validation error</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">err</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">name</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'ValidationError'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> message </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Object</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">values</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">err</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">errors</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">val</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> val</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    error </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">statusCode</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">400</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">statusCode</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">||</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">500</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">error</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">message</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">||</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Server Error'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">module</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">exports</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> errorHandler</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-7-codsiga-ugu-weyn">Tallaabada 7: Codsiga Ugu Weyn<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#tallaabada-7-codsiga-ugu-weyn" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 7: Codsiga Ugu Weyn" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 7: Codsiga Ugu Weyn" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>src/app.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> express </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'express'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> cors </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'cors'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> helmet </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'helmet'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> morgan </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'morgan'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> errorHandler </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./middleware/errorHandler'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Import routes</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> productRoutes </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./routes/productRoutes'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> app </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">express</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Middleware</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">express</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">express</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">urlencoded</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">extended</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">cors</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">helmet</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Logging</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">process</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">env</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token constant" style="color:#36acaa">NODE_ENV</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'development'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">morgan</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'dev'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Health check</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/health'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Server is healthy'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">timestamp</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">toISOString</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// API routes</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/api/v1/products'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> productRoutes</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Root route</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Welcome to E-Commerce API'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">version</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'1.0.0'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">endpoints</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">products</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/api/v1/products'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">health</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/health'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Error handler (must be last)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">errorHandler</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 404 handler</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">404</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Route not found'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">module</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">exports</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Abuur <code>server.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'dotenv'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">config</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> app </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./src/app'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> connectDB </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./src/config/database'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token constant" style="color:#36acaa">PORT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> process</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">env</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token constant" style="color:#36acaa">PORT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">||</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">5000</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Connect to database</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">connectDB</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Start server</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> server </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">listen</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token constant" style="color:#36acaa">PORT</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">log</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">🚀 Server running in </span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation">process</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation property-access">env</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation constant" style="color:#36acaa">NODE_ENV</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c"> mode on port </span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation constant" style="color:#36acaa">PORT</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Handle unhandled promise rejections</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">process</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">on</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'unhandledRejection'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">err</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">log</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">❌ Error: </span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation">err</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation property-access">message</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  server</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">close</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> process</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">exit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Cusboonaysii <code>package.json</code>:</p>
<div class="language-json codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-json codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">"name"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"express-ecommerce-api"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">"version"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"1.0.0"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">"scripts"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">"start"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"node server.js"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">"dev"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"nodemon server.js"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-socodsiinta-codsiga">🚀 Socodsiinta Codsiga<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#-socodsiinta-codsiga" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Socodsiinta Codsiga" title="Direct link to 🚀 Socodsiinta Codsiga" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Habka horumarinta oo leh auto-reload</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm run dev</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Habka wax-soo-saarka</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm start</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>API-gaaga waxa laga heli doonaa <code>http://localhost:5000</code></p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-tijaabinta-api-ga">🧪 Tijaabinta API-ga<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#-tijaabinta-api-ga" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🧪 Tijaabinta API-ga" title="Direct link to 🧪 Tijaabinta API-ga" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="abuurista-badeecad">Abuurista Badeecad<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#abuurista-badeecad" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Abuurista Badeecad" title="Direct link to Abuurista Badeecad" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl -X POST http://localhost:5000/api/v1/products \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -d '{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "name": "MacBook Pro 16-inch",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "description": "Powerful laptop for developers",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "price": 2499,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "category": "Electronics",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "stock": 50,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "featured": true</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  }'</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="hel-dhammaan-badeecooyinka">Hel dhammaan Badeecooyinka<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#hel-dhammaan-badeecooyinka" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Hel dhammaan Badeecooyinka" title="Direct link to Hel dhammaan Badeecooyinka" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Codsi aasaasi ah</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl http://localhost:5000/api/v1/products</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Iyadoo pagination ah</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl "http://localhost:5000/api/v1/products?page=1&amp;limit=10"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Ku shaandhee qayb</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl "http://localhost:5000/api/v1/products?category=Electronics"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Raadi badeecooyin</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl "http://localhost:5000/api/v1/products?search=laptop"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Ku kala saar qiimo</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl "http://localhost:5000/api/v1/products?sort=price_asc"</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-astaamo-hormarsan">⚡ Astaamo Hormarsan<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#-astaamo-hormarsan" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to ⚡ Astaamo Hormarsan" title="Direct link to ⚡ Astaamo Hormarsan" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-hubinta-codsiyada-request-validation">1. Hubinta Codsiyada (Request Validation)<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#1-hubinta-codsiyada-request-validation" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Hubinta Codsiyada (Request Validation)" title="Direct link to 1. Hubinta Codsiyada (Request Validation)" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Ku rakib validator:</p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install express-validator</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Abuur middleware validation:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> validationResult </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'express-validator'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">validateProduct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'name'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">trim</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">notEmpty</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">withMessage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Name is required'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'price'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">isNumeric</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">withMessage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Price must be a number'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'stock'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">isInt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">min</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">withMessage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Stock must be non-negative'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> errors </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">validationResult</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">errors</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">isEmpty</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">400</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">errors</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> errors</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">array</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-rate-limiting">2. Rate Limiting<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#2-rate-limiting" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. Rate Limiting" title="Direct link to 2. Rate Limiting" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install express-rate-limit</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> rateLimit </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'express-rate-limit'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> limiter </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">rateLimit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">windowMs</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">15</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">*</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">60</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">*</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1000</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 15 daqiiqo</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">max</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Xad 100 codsi IP kasta</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Codsiyo badan, fadlan dib isku day goor dambe'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/api/'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> limiter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-async-handler-wrapper">3. Async Handler Wrapper<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#3-async-handler-wrapper" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. Async Handler Wrapper" title="Direct link to 3. Async Handler Wrapper" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">asyncHandler</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token parameter">fn</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">fn</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Isticmaal</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">getProducts</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">asyncHandler</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> products </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">find</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> products </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="4-file-upload">4. File Upload<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#4-file-upload" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 4. File Upload" title="Direct link to 4. File Upload" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install multer</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> multer </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'multer'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> storage </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> multer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">diskStorage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">destination</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./uploads/'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">filename</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> file</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> cb</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">cb</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">now</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">-</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation">file</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation property-access">originalname</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> upload </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">multer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> storage </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/upload'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> upload</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">single</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'image'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">filename</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">file</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">filename</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-hab-raacyada-amniga">🔒 Hab-raacyada Amniga<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#-hab-raacyada-amniga" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🔒 Hab-raacyada Amniga" title="Direct link to 🔒 Hab-raacyada Amniga" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-environment-variables">1. Environment Variables<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#1-environment-variables" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Environment Variables" title="Direct link to 1. Environment Variables" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Waligaa ha commit-garin faylasha <code>.env</code>. Samee configs kala duwan deegaan kasta.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-nadiifinta-gelinta-input-sanitization">2. Nadiifinta Gelinta (Input Sanitization)<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#2-nadiifinta-gelinta-input-sanitization" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. Nadiifinta Gelinta (Input Sanitization)" title="Direct link to 2. Nadiifinta Gelinta (Input Sanitization)" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install express-mongo-sanitize</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> mongoSanitize </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'express-mongo-sanitize'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">mongoSanitize</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-ka-hortagga-xss">3. Ka-hortagga XSS<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#3-ka-hortagga-xss" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. Ka-hortagga XSS" title="Direct link to 3. Ka-hortagga XSS" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install xss-clean</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> xss </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'xss-clean'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">xss</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="4-cinwaannada-amniga-http">4. Cinwaannada Amniga HTTP<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#4-cinwaannada-amniga-http" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 4. Cinwaannada Amniga HTTP" title="Direct link to 4. Cinwaannada Amniga HTTP" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Waxaan hore u isticmaalnay <code>helmet</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">helmet</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-hagaajinta-waxqabadka">📊 Hagaajinta Waxqabadka<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#-hagaajinta-waxqabadka" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📊 Hagaajinta Waxqabadka" title="Direct link to 📊 Hagaajinta Waxqabadka" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-kaydinta-caching-redis">1. Kaydinta (Caching) Redis<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#1-kaydinta-caching-redis" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Kaydinta (Caching) Redis" title="Direct link to 1. Kaydinta (Caching) Redis" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install redis</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> redis </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'redis'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> client </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> redis</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">createClient</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Cache middleware</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">cache</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> key </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">originalUrl</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  client</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">key</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">err</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">parse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-indexing-ee-kaydka-xogta">2. Indexing ee kaydka xogta<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#2-indexing-ee-kaydka-xogta" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. Indexing ee kaydka xogta" title="Direct link to 2. Indexing ee kaydka xogta" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Gudaha model-kaaga</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">productSchema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">index</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">name</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">category</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-cadaadinta-jawaabaha">3. Cadaadinta jawaabaha<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#3-cadaadinta-jawaabaha" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. Cadaadinta jawaabaha" title="Direct link to 3. Cadaadinta jawaabaha" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install compression</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> compression </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'compression'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">compression</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-daabacaadda-deployment">🚀 Daabacaadda (Deployment)<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#-daabacaadda-deployment" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Daabacaadda (Deployment)" title="Direct link to 🚀 Daabacaadda (Deployment)" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="adeegsiga-pm2">Adeegsiga PM2<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#adeegsiga-pm2" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Adeegsiga PM2" title="Direct link to Adeegsiga PM2" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install -g pm2</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Bilow app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">pm2 start server.js --name "ecommerce-api"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># La soco</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">pm2 monit</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Dib u bilow</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">pm2 restart ecommerce-api</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="docker">Docker<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#docker" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Docker" title="Direct link to Docker" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>Dockerfile</code>:</p>
<div class="language-dockerfile codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-dockerfile codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">FROM node:18-alpine</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">WORKDIR /app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">COPY package*.json ./</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">RUN npm ci --only=production</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">COPY . .</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">EXPOSE 5000</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">CMD ["node", "server.js"]</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-qodobbo-muhiim-ah">🎓 Qodobbo Muhiim ah<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#-qodobbo-muhiim-ah" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎓 Qodobbo Muhiim ah" title="Direct link to 🎓 Qodobbo Muhiim ah" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Express waa yar</strong>: Adigaa leh xakamaynta dhammaystiran ee qaab-dhismeedka</li>
<li><strong>Qaabka Middleware</strong>: Awood badan oo dabacsanaan ah marka la farsameynayo codsiyada</li>
<li><strong>Async/await</strong>: JavaScript casri ah oo loogu talagalay hawlo asynchronous ah</li>
<li><strong>Mongoose</strong>: Hab hirgelin oo nadiif ah oo MongoDB ah</li>
<li><strong>Amniga</strong>: Had iyo jeer hirgeli hab-raacyo amni</li>
<li><strong>La kordhin karo</strong>: Node.js wuxuu ku fiican yahay maareynta isku xiryo badan oo isku mar ah</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-maxaa-xiga">📚 Maxaa Xiga?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide-af-soomaali#-maxaa-xiga" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📚 Maxaa Xiga?" title="Direct link to 📚 Maxaa Xiga?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>Ku dar xaqiijinta JWT</li>
<li>Kudar WebSocket si aad u hesho astaamo waqtiga-dhabta ah</li>
<li>Ku dar taageerada GraphQL</li>
<li>Ku xir albaabada lacag-bixinta (Stripe, PayPal)</li>
<li>Deji tijaabooyin Jest ah</li>
<li>Ku daabac AWS, Heroku, ama DigitalOcean</li>
</ul>
<p>Node.js iyo Express waxay bixiyaan aasaas adag oo lagu dhiso APIs casri ah oo la kordhin karo. Bilow dhisidda API-yadaada maanta!</p>
<hr>
<p><em>Ma rabtaa inaad wax badan ka barato? Ka eeg <a href="https://shutiye.dev/docs">manhajka horumarinta backend</a> ama nagala xiriir <a href="https://x.com/shutiye_dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Twitter</a>!</em></p>]]></content>
        <author>
            <name>Shutiye Dev</name>
            <uri>https://github.com/shutiye</uri>
        </author>
        <category label="Node.js" term="Node.js"/>
        <category label="Express" term="Express"/>
        <category label="JavaScript" term="JavaScript"/>
        <category label="Backend" term="Backend"/>
        <category label="REST API" term="REST API"/>
        <category label="Tutorial" term="Tutorial"/>
        <category label="somali" term="somali"/>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title type="html"><![CDATA[Node.js & Express - Building Scalable Backend Applications]]></title>
        <id>https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide</id>
        <link href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide"/>
        <updated>2025-09-25T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Node.js has revolutionized server-side JavaScript development, and Express.js makes it incredibly easy to build powerful web applications and APIs. Let's dive into building a production-ready backend application!]]></summary>
        <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Node.js has revolutionized server-side JavaScript development, and Express.js makes it incredibly easy to build powerful web applications and APIs. Let's dive into building a production-ready backend application!</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-why-nodejs--express">🌟 Why Node.js &amp; Express?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#-why-nodejs--express" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🌟 Why Node.js &amp; Express?" title="Direct link to 🌟 Why Node.js &amp; Express?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Node.js and Express dominate the backend JavaScript ecosystem:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>⚡ Non-blocking I/O</strong>: Handle thousands of concurrent connections</li>
<li><strong>🔄 JavaScript Everywhere</strong>: Use the same language for frontend and backend</li>
<li><strong>📦 NPM Ecosystem</strong>: Access to 2+ million packages</li>
<li><strong>🚀 Fast Development</strong>: Build and deploy quickly</li>
<li><strong>💪 Scalable</strong>: Perfect for microservices and real-time applications</li>
<li><strong>👥 Active Community</strong>: Massive community support and resources</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="when-to-use-nodejs">When to Use Node.js<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#when-to-use-nodejs" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to When to Use Node.js" title="Direct link to When to Use Node.js" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>✅ <strong>Perfect for:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Real-time applications (chat, gaming, collaboration)</li>
<li>RESTful APIs and microservices</li>
<li>Single-page applications</li>
<li>Streaming applications</li>
<li>IoT applications</li>
</ul>
<p>❌ <strong>Not ideal for:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>CPU-intensive operations</li>
<li>Heavy computational tasks</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-getting-started">📦 Getting Started<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#-getting-started" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📦 Getting Started" title="Direct link to 📦 Getting Started" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="prerequisites">Prerequisites<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#prerequisites" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Prerequisites" title="Direct link to Prerequisites" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Check Node.js version (should be 18+)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">node --version</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Check npm version</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm --version</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># If not installed, download from nodejs.org</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="project-setup">Project Setup<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#project-setup" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Project Setup" title="Direct link to Project Setup" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Create project directory</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">mkdir express-ecommerce-api</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">cd express-ecommerce-api</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Initialize npm project</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm init -y</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Install dependencies</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install express mongoose dotenv cors helmet morgan</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install --save-dev nodemon</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Install development tools</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install --save-dev @types/node @types/express</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="️-project-structure">🏗️ Project Structure<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#%EF%B8%8F-project-structure" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🏗️ Project Structure" title="Direct link to 🏗️ Project Structure" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Create a professional, scalable structure:</p>
<div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">express-ecommerce-api/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── src/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── config/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── database.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── controllers/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   ├── productController.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── orderController.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── models/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   ├── Product.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── Order.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── routes/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   ├── productRoutes.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── orderRoutes.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── middleware/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   ├── errorHandler.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── validateRequest.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── utils/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── logger.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   └── app.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── .env</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── .gitignore</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── package.json</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">└── server.js</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-building-an-e-commerce-api">🎯 Building an E-Commerce API<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#-building-an-e-commerce-api" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎯 Building an E-Commerce API" title="Direct link to 🎯 Building an E-Commerce API" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Let's build a complete e-commerce API with products and orders.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-1-environment-configuration">Step 1: Environment Configuration<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#step-1-environment-configuration" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 1: Environment Configuration" title="Direct link to Step 1: Environment Configuration" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>.env</code>:</p>
<div class="language-env codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-env codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Server Configuration</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">PORT=5000</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">NODE_ENV=development</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Database</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">MONGODB_URI=mongodb://localhost:27017/ecommerce</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Or use MongoDB Atlas:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># MONGODB_URI=mongodb+srv://username:password@cluster.mongodb.net/ecommerce</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># JWT Secret</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">JWT_SECRET=your_super_secret_key_change_in_production</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># API Configuration</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">API_VERSION=v1</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Create <code>.gitignore</code>:</p>
<div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">node_modules/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">.env</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">*.log</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">dist/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">build/</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-2-database-configuration">Step 2: Database Configuration<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#step-2-database-configuration" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 2: Database Configuration" title="Direct link to Step 2: Database Configuration" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>src/config/database.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> mongoose </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'mongoose'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">connectDB</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> conn </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> mongoose</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">connect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">process</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">env</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token constant" style="color:#36acaa">MONGODB_URI</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">useNewUrlParser</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">useUnifiedTopology</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">log</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">✅ MongoDB Connected: </span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation">conn</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation property-access">connection</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation property-access">host</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">❌ Error: </span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation">error</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation property-access">message</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    process</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">exit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">module</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">exports</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> connectDB</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-3-create-models">Step 3: Create Models<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#step-3-create-models" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 3: Create Models" title="Direct link to Step 3: Create Models" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>src/models/Product.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> mongoose </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'mongoose'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> productSchema </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">mongoose</span><span class="token class-name punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token class-name">Schema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">name</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product name is required'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">trim</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">maxlength</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product name cannot exceed 100 characters'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">description</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product description is required'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">maxlength</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2000</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Description cannot exceed 2000 characters'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">price</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product price is required'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">min</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Price cannot be negative'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">category</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product category is required'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">enum</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Electronics'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Clothing'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Books'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Home'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Sports'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Other'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">stock</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">min</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Stock cannot be negative'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">images</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">rating</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">min</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">max</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">5</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">numReviews</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">featured</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Boolean</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">timestamps</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Index for better search performance</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">productSchema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">index</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">name</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'text'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">description</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'text'</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">module</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">exports</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> mongoose</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">model</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> productSchema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Create <code>src/models/Order.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> mongoose </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'mongoose'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> orderSchema </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">mongoose</span><span class="token class-name punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token class-name">Schema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">orderNumber</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">unique</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">customer</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">name</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">email</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">phone</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">items</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">product</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> mongoose</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access maybe-class-name">Schema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access maybe-class-name">Types</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access maybe-class-name">ObjectId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">ref</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">quantity</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">min</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">price</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">shippingAddress</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">street</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">city</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">state</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">zipCode</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">country</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">totalAmount</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">required</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">status</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">enum</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'pending'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'processing'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'shipped'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'delivered'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'cancelled'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'pending'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">paymentStatus</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">type</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">enum</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'pending'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'completed'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'failed'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword module" style="color:#00009f">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'pending'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">timestamps</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Generate order number before saving</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">orderSchema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">pre</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'save'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">this</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">orderNumber</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">this</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">orderNumber</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">ORD-</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">now</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">-</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation known-class-name class-name">Math</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">floor</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string interpolation known-class-name class-name">Math</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">random</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token template-string interpolation"> </span><span class="token template-string interpolation operator" style="color:#393A34">*</span><span class="token template-string interpolation"> </span><span class="token template-string interpolation number" style="color:#36acaa">1000</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">module</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">exports</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> mongoose</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">model</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Order'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> orderSchema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-4-create-controllers">Step 4: Create Controllers<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#step-4-create-controllers" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 4: Create Controllers" title="Direct link to Step 4: Create Controllers" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>src/controllers/productController.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'../models/Product'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @desc    Get all products</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @route   GET /api/v1/products</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @access  Public</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method-variable function-variable method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getProducts</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> page </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> limit </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> search</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> sort </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Build query</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> query </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">category</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> category</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">search</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">$text</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">$search</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> search </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Build sort</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">let</span><span class="token plain"> sortOption </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">sort </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'price_asc'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> sortOption</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">price</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">else</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">sort </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'price_desc'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> sortOption</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">price</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">else</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">sort </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'rating'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> sortOption</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">rating</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">else</span><span class="token plain"> sortOption</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">createdAt</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Execute query with pagination</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> products </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">find</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">sort</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">sortOption</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">limit </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">*</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">skip</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">page </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">*</span><span class="token plain"> limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">exec</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> count </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">countDocuments</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">count</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> products</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">length</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">total</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> count</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">page</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">page</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">pages</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Math</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">ceil</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">count </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">/</span><span class="token plain"> limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> products</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @desc    Get single product</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @route   GET /api/v1/products/:id</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @access  Public</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method-variable function-variable method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getProduct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> product </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">findById</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">params</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">404</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product not found'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @desc    Create product</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @route   POST /api/v1/products</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @access  Private/Admin</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method-variable function-variable method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">createProduct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> product </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">create</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">201</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @desc    Update product</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @route   PUT /api/v1/products/:id</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @access  Private/Admin</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method-variable function-variable method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">updateProduct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> product </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">findByIdAndUpdate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">params</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">runValidators</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">404</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product not found'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @desc    Delete product</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @route   DELETE /api/v1/products/:id</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @access  Private/Admin</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method-variable function-variable method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">deleteProduct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> product </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">findByIdAndDelete</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">params</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">404</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product not found'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Product deleted successfully'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @desc    Get featured products</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @route   GET /api/v1/products/featured</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// @access  Public</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method-variable function-variable method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">getFeaturedProducts</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> products </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">find</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">featured</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">sort</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'-rating'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">count</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> products</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">length</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> products</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-5-create-routes">Step 5: Create Routes<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#step-5-create-routes" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 5: Create Routes" title="Direct link to Step 5: Create Routes" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>src/routes/productRoutes.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> express </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'express'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  getProducts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  getProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  createProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  updateProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  deleteProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  getFeaturedProducts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'../controllers/productController'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> router </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> express</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access maybe-class-name" style="color:#d73a49">Router</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">router</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/featured'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> getFeaturedProducts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">router</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">route</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">getProducts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">createProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">router</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">route</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/:id'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">getProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">put</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">updateProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">delete</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">deleteProduct</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">module</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">exports</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> router</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-6-middleware">Step 6: Middleware<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#step-6-middleware" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 6: Middleware" title="Direct link to Step 6: Middleware" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>src/middleware/errorHandler.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">errorHandler</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">err</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">let</span><span class="token plain"> error </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token spread operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain">err </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">message</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> err</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Log to console for dev</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">err</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Mongoose bad ObjectId</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">err</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">name</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'CastError'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> message </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Resource not found'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    error </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">statusCode</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">404</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Mongoose duplicate key</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">err</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">code</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">11000</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> message </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Duplicate field value entered'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    error </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">statusCode</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">400</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Mongoose validation error</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">err</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">name</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'ValidationError'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> message </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Object</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">values</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">err</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">errors</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">map</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">val</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> val</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    error </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">statusCode</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">400</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">statusCode</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">||</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">500</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">error</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">message</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">||</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Server Error'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">module</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">exports</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> errorHandler</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-7-main-application">Step 7: Main Application<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#step-7-main-application" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 7: Main Application" title="Direct link to Step 7: Main Application" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>src/app.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> express </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'express'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> cors </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'cors'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> helmet </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'helmet'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> morgan </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'morgan'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> errorHandler </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./middleware/errorHandler'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Import routes</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> productRoutes </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./routes/productRoutes'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> app </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">express</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Middleware</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">express</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">express</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">urlencoded</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">extended</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">cors</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">helmet</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Logging</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">process</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">env</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token constant" style="color:#36acaa">NODE_ENV</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'development'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">morgan</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'dev'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Health check</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/health'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Server is healthy'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">timestamp</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">toISOString</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// API routes</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/api/v1/products'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> productRoutes</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Root route</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Welcome to E-Commerce API'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">version</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'1.0.0'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">endpoints</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">products</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/api/v1/products'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">health</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/health'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Error handler (must be last)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">errorHandler</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 404 handler</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">404</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">success</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">false</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Route not found'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">module</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">exports</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Create <code>server.js</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'dotenv'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">config</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> app </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./src/app'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> connectDB </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./src/config/database'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token constant" style="color:#36acaa">PORT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> process</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">env</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token constant" style="color:#36acaa">PORT</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">||</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">5000</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Connect to database</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">connectDB</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Start server</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> server </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">listen</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token constant" style="color:#36acaa">PORT</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">log</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">🚀 Server running in </span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation">process</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation property-access">env</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation constant" style="color:#36acaa">NODE_ENV</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c"> mode on port </span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation constant" style="color:#36acaa">PORT</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Handle unhandled promise rejections</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">process</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">on</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'unhandledRejection'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">err</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">log</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">❌ Error: </span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation">err</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation property-access">message</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  server</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">close</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> process</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">exit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Update <code>package.json</code>:</p>
<div class="language-json codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-json codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">"name"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"express-ecommerce-api"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">"version"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"1.0.0"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">"scripts"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">"start"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"node server.js"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token property" style="color:#36acaa">"dev"</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"nodemon server.js"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-running-the-application">🚀 Running the Application<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#-running-the-application" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Running the Application" title="Direct link to 🚀 Running the Application" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Development mode with auto-reload</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm run dev</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Production mode</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm start</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Your API will be available at <code>http://localhost:5000</code></p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-testing-the-api">🧪 Testing the API<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#-testing-the-api" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🧪 Testing the API" title="Direct link to 🧪 Testing the API" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="create-a-product">Create a Product<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#create-a-product" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Create a Product" title="Direct link to Create a Product" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl -X POST http://localhost:5000/api/v1/products \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -d '{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "name": "MacBook Pro 16-inch",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "description": "Powerful laptop for developers",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "price": 2499,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "category": "Electronics",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "stock": 50,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "featured": true</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  }'</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="get-all-products">Get All Products<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#get-all-products" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Get All Products" title="Direct link to Get All Products" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Basic request</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl http://localhost:5000/api/v1/products</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># With pagination</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl "http://localhost:5000/api/v1/products?page=1&amp;limit=10"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Filter by category</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl "http://localhost:5000/api/v1/products?category=Electronics"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Search products</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl "http://localhost:5000/api/v1/products?search=laptop"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Sort by price</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl "http://localhost:5000/api/v1/products?sort=price_asc"</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-advanced-features">⚡ Advanced Features<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#-advanced-features" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to ⚡ Advanced Features" title="Direct link to ⚡ Advanced Features" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-request-validation">1. Request Validation<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#1-request-validation" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Request Validation" title="Direct link to 1. Request Validation" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Install validator:</p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install express-validator</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Create validation middleware:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> validationResult </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'express-validator'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">validateProduct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'name'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">trim</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">notEmpty</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">withMessage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Name is required'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'price'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">isNumeric</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">withMessage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Price must be a number'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">body</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'stock'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">isInt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">min</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">withMessage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Stock must be non-negative'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> errors </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">validationResult</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain">errors</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">isEmpty</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">400</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">errors</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> errors</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">array</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-rate-limiting">2. Rate Limiting<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#2-rate-limiting" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. Rate Limiting" title="Direct link to 2. Rate Limiting" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install express-rate-limit</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> rateLimit </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'express-rate-limit'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> limiter </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">rateLimit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">windowMs</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">15</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">*</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">60</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">*</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1000</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// 15 minutes</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">max</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// limit each IP to 100 requests per windowMs</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">message</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'Too many requests, please try again later'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/api/'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> limiter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-async-handler-wrapper">3. Async Handler Wrapper<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#3-async-handler-wrapper" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. Async Handler Wrapper" title="Direct link to 3. Async Handler Wrapper" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">asyncHandler</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token parameter">fn</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">fn</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Use it</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">exports</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">getProducts</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">asyncHandler</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> products </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token maybe-class-name">Product</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">find</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> products </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="4-file-upload">4. File Upload<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#4-file-upload" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 4. File Upload" title="Direct link to 4. File Upload" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install multer</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> multer </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'multer'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> storage </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> multer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">diskStorage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">destination</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'./uploads/'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">filename</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> file</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> cb</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">cb</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword null nil" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">now</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">-</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">${</span><span class="token template-string interpolation">file</span><span class="token template-string interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token template-string interpolation property-access">originalname</span><span class="token template-string interpolation interpolation-punctuation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> upload </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">multer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> storage </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'/upload'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> upload</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">single</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'image'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">filename</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">file</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">filename</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-security-best-practices">🔒 Security Best Practices<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#-security-best-practices" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🔒 Security Best Practices" title="Direct link to 🔒 Security Best Practices" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-environment-variables">1. Environment Variables<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#1-environment-variables" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Environment Variables" title="Direct link to 1. Environment Variables" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Never commit <code>.env</code> files. Use different configs for different environments.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-input-sanitization">2. Input Sanitization<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#2-input-sanitization" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. Input Sanitization" title="Direct link to 2. Input Sanitization" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install express-mongo-sanitize</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> mongoSanitize </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'express-mongo-sanitize'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">mongoSanitize</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-xss-protection">3. XSS Protection<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#3-xss-protection" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. XSS Protection" title="Direct link to 3. XSS Protection" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install xss-clean</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> xss </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'xss-clean'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">xss</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="4-http-security-headers">4. HTTP Security Headers<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#4-http-security-headers" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 4. HTTP Security Headers" title="Direct link to 4. HTTP Security Headers" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Already using <code>helmet</code>:</p>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">helmet</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-performance-optimization">📊 Performance Optimization<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#-performance-optimization" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📊 Performance Optimization" title="Direct link to 📊 Performance Optimization" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-caching-with-redis">1. Caching with Redis<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#1-caching-with-redis" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Caching with Redis" title="Direct link to 1. Caching with Redis" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install redis</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> redis </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'redis'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> client </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> redis</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">createClient</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Cache middleware</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function-variable function" style="color:#d73a49">cache</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">req</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> res</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> key </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> req</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">originalUrl</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  client</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">key</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token parameter">err</span><span class="token parameter punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token parameter"> data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">      </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> res</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">parse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">next</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-database-indexing">2. Database Indexing<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#2-database-indexing" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. Database Indexing" title="Direct link to 2. Database Indexing" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// In your model</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">productSchema</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">index</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">name</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">category</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-compression">3. Compression<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#3-compression" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. Compression" title="Direct link to 3. Compression" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install compression</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> compression </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'compression'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">use</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">compression</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-deployment">🚀 Deployment<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#-deployment" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Deployment" title="Direct link to 🚀 Deployment" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="using-pm2">Using PM2<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#using-pm2" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Using PM2" title="Direct link to Using PM2" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">npm install -g pm2</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Start app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">pm2 start server.js --name "ecommerce-api"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Monitor</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">pm2 monit</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Restart</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">pm2 restart ecommerce-api</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="docker">Docker<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#docker" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Docker" title="Direct link to Docker" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>Dockerfile</code>:</p>
<div class="language-dockerfile codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-dockerfile codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">FROM node:18-alpine</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">WORKDIR /app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">COPY package*.json ./</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">RUN npm ci --only=production</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">COPY . .</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">EXPOSE 5000</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">CMD ["node", "server.js"]</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-key-takeaways">🎓 Key Takeaways<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#-key-takeaways" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎓 Key Takeaways" title="Direct link to 🎓 Key Takeaways" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Express is minimal</strong>: You have full control over your application structure</li>
<li><strong>Middleware pattern</strong>: Powerful and flexible request processing</li>
<li><strong>Async/await</strong>: Modern JavaScript for handling asynchronous operations</li>
<li><strong>Mongoose</strong>: Elegant MongoDB object modeling</li>
<li><strong>Security</strong>: Always implement security best practices</li>
<li><strong>Scalability</strong>: Node.js excels at handling concurrent connections</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-whats-next">📚 What's Next?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/nodejs-express-backend-guide#-whats-next" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📚 What's Next?" title="Direct link to 📚 What's Next?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>Add JWT authentication</li>
<li>Implement WebSocket for real-time features</li>
<li>Add GraphQL support</li>
<li>Integrate payment gateways (Stripe, PayPal)</li>
<li>Set up testing with Jest</li>
<li>Deploy to AWS, Heroku, or DigitalOcean</li>
</ul>
<p>Node.js and Express provide a solid foundation for building modern, scalable backend applications. Start building your APIs today!</p>
<hr>
<p><em>Want to learn more? Check out our <a href="https://shutiye.dev/docs">backend development curriculum</a> or connect with us on <a href="https://x.com/shutiye_dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Twitter</a>!</em></p>]]></content>
        <author>
            <name>Shutiye Dev</name>
            <uri>https://github.com/shutiye</uri>
        </author>
        <category label="Node.js" term="Node.js"/>
        <category label="Express" term="Express"/>
        <category label="JavaScript" term="JavaScript"/>
        <category label="Backend" term="Backend"/>
        <category label="REST API" term="REST API"/>
        <category label="Tutorial" term="Tutorial"/>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title type="html"><![CDATA[FastAPI – Dhisidda API-yo Python ah oo Xawaare Dheer]]></title>
        <id>https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali</id>
        <link href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali"/>
        <updated>2025-08-20T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <summary type="html"><![CDATA[FastAPI waa framework casri ah oo waxqabad sare leh oo loogu talagalay dhisidda API-yada Python. Aad buu u dhaqso badan yahay (isku dhowyahay Node.js iyo Go), si fudud ayaa loo baran karaa, wuxuuna la imanayaa dukumenti API oo toos ah. Aan dhisno API dhammaystiran si aan u aragno sababta horumariyeyaashu u jecel yihiin!]]></summary>
        <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>FastAPI waa framework casri ah oo waxqabad sare leh oo loogu talagalay dhisidda API-yada Python. Aad buu u dhaqso badan yahay (isku dhowyahay Node.js iyo Go), si fudud ayaa loo baran karaa, wuxuuna la imanayaa dukumenti API oo toos ah. Aan dhisno API dhammaystiran si aan u aragno sababta horumariyeyaashu u jecel yihiin!</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-maxaa-fastapi-ka-dhigaya-mid-gaar-ah">🚀 Maxaa FastAPI ka dhigaya mid gaar ah?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#-maxaa-fastapi-ka-dhigaya-mid-gaar-ah" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Maxaa FastAPI ka dhigaya mid gaar ah?" title="Direct link to 🚀 Maxaa FastAPI ka dhigaya mid gaar ah?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>FastAPI waxa uu gilgilay bulshada Python sababo muuqda dartood:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>⚡ Aad u Dheereeya</strong>: Mid ka mid ah framework-yada Python ee ugu degdegga badan</li>
<li><strong>🎯 Hubinta Noocyada</strong>: Ku dhisan type hints-ka Python si loogu helo xaqiijin toos ah</li>
<li><strong>📚 Dukumenti Toos ah</strong>: Swagger UI oo si toos ah loo abuuro</li>
<li><strong>🔒 Amni</strong>: Taageero u leh OAuth2, JWT tokens, iyo in ka badan</li>
<li><strong>🎨 Python Casri ah</strong>: Waxay adeegsataa async/await si loo farsameeyo hawlo is barbar socda</li>
<li><strong>⚙️ Koodh yar</strong>: Waxay yaraynaysaa koodhka ku celiska ah ilaa 40%</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="isbarbardhigga-waxqabadka">Isbarbardhigga Waxqabadka<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#isbarbardhigga-waxqabadka" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Isbarbardhigga Waxqabadka" title="Direct link to Isbarbardhigga Waxqabadka" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>FastAPI waxay la mid tahay Node.js iyo Go:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>FastAPI</strong>: ~20,000-30,000 codsi/ilbiriqsi</li>
<li><strong>Flask</strong>: ~3,000-5,000 codsi/ilbiriqsi</li>
<li><strong>Django</strong>: ~2,000-4,000 codsi/ilbiriqsi</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-rakibidda--dejinta">📦 Rakibidda &amp; Dejinta<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#-rakibidda--dejinta" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📦 Rakibidda &amp; Dejinta" title="Direct link to 📦 Rakibidda &amp; Dejinta" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Aan abuurno deegaan dalwadeed oo aan ku rakibno FastAPI:</p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Abuur gal mashruuc</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">mkdir fastapi-blog</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">cd fastapi-blog</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Abuur deegaan la maamulo</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">python -m venv venv</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Daar deegaanka</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Linux/Mac:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">source venv/bin/activate</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Windows:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># venv\Scripts\activate</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Ku rakib FastAPI iyo Uvicorn (ASGI server)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">pip install fastapi uvicorn[standard]</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">pip install sqlalchemy pydantic-settings python-multipart</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="️-qaab-dhismeedka-mashruuca">🏗️ Qaab-dhismeedka Mashruuca<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#%EF%B8%8F-qaab-dhismeedka-mashruuca" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🏗️ Qaab-dhismeedka Mashruuca" title="Direct link to 🏗️ Qaab-dhismeedka Mashruuca" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Abuur qaab nadiif ah oo habaysan:</p>
<div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">fastapi-blog/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── app/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── __init__.py</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── main.py</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── models.py</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── schemas.py</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── database.py</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   └── routers/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│       ├── __init__.py</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│       └── posts.py</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── venv/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">└── requirements.txt</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-dhisidda-blog-api">🎯 Dhisidda Blog API<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#-dhisidda-blog-api" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎯 Dhisidda Blog API" title="Direct link to 🎯 Dhisidda Blog API" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Aan dhisno API blog ah oo leh hawlgallo CRUD dhammaystiran.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-1-dejinta-kaydka-xogta">Tallaabada 1: Dejinta Kaydka Xogta<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#tallaabada-1-dejinta-kaydka-xogta" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 1: Dejinta Kaydka Xogta" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 1: Dejinta Kaydka Xogta" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>app/database.py</code>:</p>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> create_engine</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">ext</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">declarative </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> declarative_base</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">orm </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> sessionmaker</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># SQLite database</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"sqlite:///./blog.db"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Create engine</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">engine </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> create_engine</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    connect_args</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"check_same_thread"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Create session</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">SessionLocal </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> sessionmaker</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">autocommit</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> autoflush</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> bind</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">engine</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Base class for models</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">Base </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> declarative_base</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Dependency to get database session</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">get_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> SessionLocal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">yield</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">finally</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">close</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-2-model-yada-kaydka-xogta">Tallaabada 2: Model-yada Kaydka Xogta<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#tallaabada-2-model-yada-kaydka-xogta" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 2: Model-yada Kaydka Xogta" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 2: Model-yada Kaydka Xogta" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>app/models.py</code>:</p>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> Integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> Text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> DateTime</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">sql </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> func</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">database </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> Base</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">Base</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    __tablename__ </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"posts"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token builtin">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> primary_key</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">True</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> index</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">True</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    title </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> nullable</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    content </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">Text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> nullable</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    author </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> nullable</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    published </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    created_at </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">DateTime</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">timezone</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">True</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> server_default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">func</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">now</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    updated_at </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">DateTime</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">timezone</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">True</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> onupdate</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">func</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">now</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-3-schemas-pydantic">Tallaabada 3: Schemas Pydantic<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#tallaabada-3-schemas-pydantic" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 3: Schemas Pydantic" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 3: Schemas Pydantic" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>app/schemas.py</code> si loo helo xaqiijinta codsiga/jawaabta:</p>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> pydantic </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> BaseModel</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> datetime </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> datetime</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> typing </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> Optional</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Base schema</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">PostBase</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">BaseModel</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    title</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> min_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> max_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    content</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> min_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    author</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> min_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> max_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    published</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> ge</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> le</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Schema for creating posts</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">PostCreate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">PostBase</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">pass</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Schema for updating posts</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">PostUpdate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">BaseModel</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    title</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Optional</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">None</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> min_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> max_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    content</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Optional</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">None</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> min_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    author</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Optional</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">None</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    published</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Optional</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">None</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> ge</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> le</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Schema for responses</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">PostResponse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">PostBase</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token builtin">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    created_at</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> datetime</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    updated_at</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Optional</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">datetime</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Config</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        from_attributes </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">True</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>💡 Fikrad Muhiim ah</strong>: Model-yada Pydantic waxay si toos ah u xaqiijiyaan xogta oo waxay u beddelaan noocyada saxda ah!</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-4-routes-ka-api-ga">Tallaabada 4: Routes-ka API-ga<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#tallaabada-4-routes-ka-api-ga" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 4: Routes-ka API-ga" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 4: Routes-ka API-ga" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>app/routers/posts.py</code>:</p>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> APIRouter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> HTTPException</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> status</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">orm </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> Session</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> typing </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> List</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> app </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> schemas</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">database </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> get_db</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">router </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> APIRouter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    prefix</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/api/posts"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    tags</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Posts"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Get all posts</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> response_model</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">List</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">schemas</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">PostResponse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">get_posts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    skip</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Session </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">get_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">"""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    Retrieve all blog posts with pagination</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    - **skip**: Number of posts to skip (default: 0)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    - **limit**: Maximum number of posts to return (default: 10)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    """</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    posts </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">offset</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">skip</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">all</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> posts</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Get single post</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/{post_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> response_model</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">schemas</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">PostResponse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">get_post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">post_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Session </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">get_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">"""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    Retrieve a specific blog post by ID</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    """</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">==</span><span class="token plain"> post_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">first</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">not</span><span class="token plain"> post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">raise</span><span class="token plain"> HTTPException</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            status_code</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            detail</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">f"Post with ID </span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation">post_id</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c"> not found"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> post</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Create post</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> response_model</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">schemas</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">PostResponse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> status_code</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">HTTP_201_CREATED</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">create_post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> schemas</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">PostCreate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Session </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">get_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">"""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    Create a new blog post</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    """</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    new_post </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">**</span><span class="token plain">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">dict</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">add</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">new_post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">commit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">refresh</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">new_post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> new_post</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Update post</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">put</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/{post_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> response_model</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">schemas</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">PostResponse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">update_post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post_update</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> schemas</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">PostUpdate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Session </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">get_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">"""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    Update an existing blog post</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    """</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post_query </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">==</span><span class="token plain"> post_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> post_query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">first</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">not</span><span class="token plain"> post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">raise</span><span class="token plain"> HTTPException</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            status_code</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            detail</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">f"Post with ID </span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation">post_id</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c"> not found"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Update only provided fields</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    update_data </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> post_update</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">dict</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">exclude_unset</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">True</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post_query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">update</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">update_data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> synchronize_session</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">commit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">refresh</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> post</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Delete post</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">delete</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/{post_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> status_code</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">delete_post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">post_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Session </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">get_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">"""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    Delete a blog post</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    """</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post_query </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">==</span><span class="token plain"> post_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> post_query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">first</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">not</span><span class="token plain"> post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">raise</span><span class="token plain"> HTTPException</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            status_code</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            detail</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">f"Post with ID </span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation">post_id</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c"> not found"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post_query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">delete</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">synchronize_session</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">commit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">None</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Search posts</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/search/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> response_model</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">List</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">schemas</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">PostResponse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">search_posts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    q</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Session </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">get_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">"""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    Search blog posts by title or content</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    """</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    posts </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">title</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">contains</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">q</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">content</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">contains</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">q</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">all</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> posts</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tallaabada-5-codsiga-ugu-weyn">Tallaabada 5: Codsiga Ugu Weyn<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#tallaabada-5-codsiga-ugu-weyn" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tallaabada 5: Codsiga Ugu Weyn" title="Direct link to Tallaabada 5: Codsiga Ugu Weyn" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>app/main.py</code>:</p>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> FastAPI</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">middleware</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">cors </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> CORSMiddleware</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">database </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> engine</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> app </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> models</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">routers </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> posts</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Create database tables</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Base</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">create_all</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">bind</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">engine</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Initialize FastAPI</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> FastAPI</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    title</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Blog API"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    description</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"A modern blog API built with FastAPI"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    version</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"1.0.0"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    docs_url</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/docs"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Swagger UI</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    redoc_url</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/redoc"</span><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># ReDoc</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Configure CORS</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">add_middleware</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    CORSMiddleware</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    allow_origins</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"*"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># In production, specify actual origins</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    allow_credentials</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">True</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    allow_methods</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"*"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    allow_headers</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"*"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Include routers</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">include_router</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">posts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">router</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Root endpoint</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@app</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">root</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"message"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Welcome to Blog API"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"docs"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/docs"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"version"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"1.0.0"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Health check</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@app</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/health"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">health_check</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"status"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"healthy"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-socodsiinta-codsiga">🚀 Socodsiinta Codsiga<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#-socodsiinta-codsiga" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Socodsiinta Codsiga" title="Direct link to 🚀 Socodsiinta Codsiga" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Bilow server-ka FastAPI:</p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">uvicorn app.main:app --reload</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>API-gaaga hadda waa diyaar:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>API</strong>: <a href="http://localhost:8000/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://localhost:8000</a></li>
<li><strong>Swagger UI</strong>: <a href="http://localhost:8000/docs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://localhost:8000/docs</a></li>
<li><strong>ReDoc</strong>: <a href="http://localhost:8000/redoc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://localhost:8000/redoc</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-tijaabinta-api-ga">🧪 Tijaabinta API-ga<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#-tijaabinta-api-ga" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🧪 Tijaabinta API-ga" title="Direct link to 🧪 Tijaabinta API-ga" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="isticmaalka-curl">Isticmaalka curl<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#isticmaalka-curl" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Isticmaalka curl" title="Direct link to Isticmaalka curl" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p><strong>Abuur qoraal:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/api/posts/" \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -d '{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "title": "Getting Started with FastAPI",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "content": "FastAPI is an amazing framework for building APIs quickly!",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "author": "Shutiye Dev",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "published": 1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  }'</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Hel dhammaan qoraallada:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl "http://localhost:8000/api/posts/"</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Hel qoraal gaar ah:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl "http://localhost:8000/api/posts/1"</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Cusboonaysii qoraal:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl -X PUT "http://localhost:8000/api/posts/1" \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -d '{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "title": "FastAPI Advanced Guide",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "content": "Updated content about FastAPI features"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  }'</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Raadi qoraallo:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl "http://localhost:8000/api/posts/search/?q=FastAPI"</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="isticmaalka-python-requests">Isticmaalka Python Requests<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#isticmaalka-python-requests" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Isticmaalka Python Requests" title="Direct link to Isticmaalka Python Requests" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> requests</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Create a post</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">response </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> requests</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"http://localhost:8000/api/posts/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    json</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"title"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Python FastAPI Tutorial"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"content"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Learn FastAPI step by step"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"author"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Dev Team"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">response</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Get all posts</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">response </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> requests</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"http://localhost:8000/api/posts/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">response</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-astaamo-hormarsan">✨ Astaamo Hormarsan<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#-astaamo-hormarsan" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to ✨ Astaamo Hormarsan" title="Direct link to ✨ Astaamo Hormarsan" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-hawlgallo-kayd-async-ah">1. Hawlgallo Kayd Async ah<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#1-hawlgallo-kayd-async-ah" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Hawlgallo Kayd Async ah" title="Direct link to 1. Hawlgallo Kayd Async ah" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Si aad u hesho waxqabad fiican, isticmaal hawlgallo async:</p>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">ext</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">asyncio </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> create_async_engine</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> AsyncSession</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">orm </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> sessionmaker</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">DATABASE_URL </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"sqlite+aiosqlite:///./blog.db"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">engine </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> create_async_engine</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">DATABASE_URL</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">AsyncSessionLocal </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> sessionmaker</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">engine</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> class_</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">AsyncSession</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> expire_on_commit</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">get_async_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">with</span><span class="token plain"> AsyncSessionLocal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">as</span><span class="token plain"> session</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">yield</span><span class="token plain"> session</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-aqoonsiga-leh-jwt">2. Aqoonsiga leh JWT<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#2-aqoonsiga-leh-jwt" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. Aqoonsiga leh JWT" title="Direct link to 2. Aqoonsiga leh JWT" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">security </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> OAuth2PasswordBearer</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> jose </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> JWTError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> jwt</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">oauth2_scheme </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> OAuth2PasswordBearer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tokenUrl</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"token"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/protected"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">protected_route</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">token</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">oauth2_scheme</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Verify token</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"message"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"This is protected!"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-soo-galinta-faylka">3. Soo-galinta Faylka<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#3-soo-galinta-faylka" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. Soo-galinta Faylka" title="Direct link to 3. Soo-galinta Faylka" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> File</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> UploadFile</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/upload"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">upload_file</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token builtin">file</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> UploadFile </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> File</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    contents </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">file</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">read</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Process file</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"filename"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">file</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">filename</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"size"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">contents</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="4-hawlo-asal-xisaabeed-background-tasks">4. Hawlo Asal-xisaabeed (Background Tasks)<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#4-hawlo-asal-xisaabeed-background-tasks" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 4. Hawlo Asal-xisaabeed (Background Tasks)" title="Direct link to 4. Hawlo Asal-xisaabeed (Background Tasks)" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> BackgroundTasks</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">send_email</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">email</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Send email logic</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">f"Sending email to </span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation">email</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">: </span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation">message</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/send-notification"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">send_notification</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    email</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    background_tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> BackgroundTasks</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    background_tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">add_task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">send_email</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> email</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Post created!"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"message"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Notification will be sent"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-habraacyada-ugu-fiican">🎯 Habraacyada Ugu Fiican<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#-habraacyada-ugu-fiican" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎯 Habraacyada Ugu Fiican" title="Direct link to 🎯 Habraacyada Ugu Fiican" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-adeegsiga-dependency-injection">1. Adeegsiga Dependency Injection<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#1-adeegsiga-dependency-injection" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Adeegsiga Dependency Injection" title="Direct link to 1. Adeegsiga Dependency Injection" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">common_parameters</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">skip</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"skip"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> skip</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"limit"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/items/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">read_items</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">commons</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">dict</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">common_parameters</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> commons</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-maareynta-khaladaadka-si-habboon">2. Maareynta Khaladaadka si Habboon<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#2-maareynta-khaladaadka-si-habboon" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. Maareynta Khaladaadka si Habboon" title="Direct link to 2. Maareynta Khaladaadka si Habboon" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> HTTPException</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/items/{item_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">read_item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">item_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> item_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">not</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">in</span><span class="token plain"> items</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">raise</span><span class="token plain"> HTTPException</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            status_code</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">404</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            detail</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Item not found"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            headers</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"X-Error"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Custom header"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> items</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">item_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-isticmaalka-environment-variables">3. Isticmaalka Environment Variables<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#3-isticmaalka-environment-variables" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. Isticmaalka Environment Variables" title="Direct link to 3. Isticmaalka Environment Variables" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> pydantic_settings </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> BaseSettings</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Settings</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">BaseSettings</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    database_url</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    secret_key</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Config</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        env_file </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">".env"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">settings </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Settings</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="4-ku-dar-model-yada-jawaabta">4. Ku dar Model-yada Jawaabta<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#4-ku-dar-model-yada-jawaabta" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 4. Ku dar Model-yada Jawaabta" title="Direct link to 4. Ku dar Model-yada Jawaabta" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/users/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> response_model</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">List</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">UserResponse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">get_users</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> users  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Si toos ah ayay u hubisaa uguna diyaargarowdaa</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-talooyin-waxqabad">📊 Talooyin Waxqabad<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#-talooyin-waxqabad" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📊 Talooyin Waxqabad" title="Direct link to 📊 Talooyin Waxqabad" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ol>
<li><strong>Isticmaal async/await</strong> hawlaha I/O</li>
<li><strong>Ku dar caching</strong> Redis</li>
<li><strong>Ku dar connection pooling</strong> database-ka</li>
<li><strong>Ku dar pagination</strong> xogta ballaaran</li>
<li><strong>Hagaaji queries-ka</strong> adigoo isticmaalaya indexes</li>
<li><strong>Cadaadi jawaabaha</strong> (gzip)</li>
</ol>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-daabacaadda">🚀 Daabacaadda<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#-daabacaadda" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Daabacaadda" title="Direct link to 🚀 Daabacaadda" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="adeegsiga-docker">Adeegsiga Docker<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#adeegsiga-docker" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Adeegsiga Docker" title="Direct link to Adeegsiga Docker" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Abuur <code>Dockerfile</code>:</p>
<div class="language-dockerfile codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-dockerfile codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">FROM python:3.11-slim</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">WORKDIR /app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">COPY requirements.txt .</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">COPY ./app ./app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Dhiso oo socodsi:</p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">docker build -t fastapi-blog .</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">docker run -p 8000:8000 fastapi-blog</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="adeegsiga-uvicorn-ee-production">Adeegsiga Uvicorn ee Production<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#adeegsiga-uvicorn-ee-production" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Adeegsiga Uvicorn ee Production" title="Direct link to Adeegsiga Uvicorn ee Production" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">uvicorn app.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 --workers 4</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-qodobbo-muhiim-ah">🎓 Qodobbo Muhiim ah<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#-qodobbo-muhiim-ah" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎓 Qodobbo Muhiim ah" title="Direct link to 🎓 Qodobbo Muhiim ah" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>FastAPI waa degdeg</strong>: Waxqabad la mid ah Node.js iyo Go</li>
<li><strong>Type hints</strong>: Xaqiijin iyo dukumenti toos ah</li>
<li><strong>Python casri ah</strong>: Async/await diyaar u ah</li>
<li><strong>Khibrad horumarineed oo fiican</strong>: Auto-completion iyo DX heer sare ah</li>
<li><strong>Production-ready</strong>: Taageero amni iyo waxqabad oo dhisan</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-maxaa-xiga">📚 Maxaa Xiga?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis-af-soomaali#-maxaa-xiga" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📚 Maxaa Xiga?" title="Direct link to 📚 Maxaa Xiga?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>Ku dar aqoonsiga OAuth2 iyo JWT</li>
<li>Hirgeli WebSocket astaamo waqtiga-dhabta ah</li>
<li>Ku dar taageerada GraphQL</li>
<li>La shaqee Celery hawlaha background-ka</li>
<li>Deji la socodka Prometheus</li>
<li>Ku daabac AWS, Azure, ama Google Cloud</li>
</ul>
<p>FastAPI waa doorashada ugu habboon ee dhisidda API-yo casri ah oo waxqabadkoodu sarreeyo. Sahlan, degdeg, oo awood badan – bilow mashruucaaga maanta!</p>
<hr>
<p><em>Wax badan ka baro FastAPI adigoo eegaya <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dukumentiga rasmiga ah</a> ama sahaminta <a href="https://shutiye.dev/docs">casharradeenna Python</a>.</em></p>]]></content>
        <author>
            <name>Shutiye Dev</name>
            <uri>https://github.com/shutiye</uri>
        </author>
        <category label="Python" term="Python"/>
        <category label="FastAPI" term="FastAPI"/>
        <category label="REST API" term="REST API"/>
        <category label="Backend" term="Backend"/>
        <category label="Tutorial" term="Tutorial"/>
        <category label="somali" term="somali"/>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title type="html"><![CDATA[FastAPI - Building Lightning-Fast APIs with Python]]></title>
        <id>https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis</id>
        <link href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis"/>
        <updated>2025-08-20T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <summary type="html"><![CDATA[FastAPI is a modern, high-performance web framework for building APIs with Python. It's incredibly fast (comparable to NodeJS and Go), easy to learn, and comes with automatic API documentation. Let's build a complete API to see why developers love it!]]></summary>
        <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>FastAPI is a modern, high-performance web framework for building APIs with Python. It's incredibly fast (comparable to NodeJS and Go), easy to learn, and comes with automatic API documentation. Let's build a complete API to see why developers love it!</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-why-fastapi">🚀 Why FastAPI?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#-why-fastapi" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Why FastAPI?" title="Direct link to 🚀 Why FastAPI?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>FastAPI has taken the Python world by storm, and for good reason:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>⚡ Blazingly Fast</strong>: One of the fastest Python frameworks available</li>
<li><strong>🎯 Type Safety</strong>: Built on Python type hints for automatic validation</li>
<li><strong>📚 Auto Documentation</strong>: Interactive API docs (Swagger UI) generated automatically</li>
<li><strong>🔒 Security</strong>: Built-in support for OAuth2, JWT tokens, and more</li>
<li><strong>🎨 Modern Python</strong>: Uses async/await for concurrent operations</li>
<li><strong>⚙️ Less Code</strong>: Reduce code duplication by up to 40%</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="performance-comparison">Performance Comparison<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#performance-comparison" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Performance Comparison" title="Direct link to Performance Comparison" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>FastAPI is on par with Node.js and Go:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>FastAPI</strong>: ~20,000-30,000 requests/second</li>
<li><strong>Flask</strong>: ~3,000-5,000 requests/second</li>
<li><strong>Django</strong>: ~2,000-4,000 requests/second</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-installation--setup">📦 Installation &amp; Setup<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#-installation--setup" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📦 Installation &amp; Setup" title="Direct link to 📦 Installation &amp; Setup" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Let's create a virtual environment and install FastAPI:</p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Create project directory</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">mkdir fastapi-blog</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">cd fastapi-blog</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Create virtual environment</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">python -m venv venv</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Activate virtual environment</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># On Linux/Mac:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">source venv/bin/activate</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># On Windows:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># venv\Scripts\activate</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Install FastAPI and Uvicorn (ASGI server)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">pip install fastapi uvicorn[standard]</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">pip install sqlalchemy pydantic-settings python-multipart</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="️-project-structure">🏗️ Project Structure<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#%EF%B8%8F-project-structure" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🏗️ Project Structure" title="Direct link to 🏗️ Project Structure" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Create a clean, organized structure:</p>
<div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">fastapi-blog/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── app/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── __init__.py</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── main.py</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── models.py</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── schemas.py</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── database.py</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   └── routers/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│       ├── __init__.py</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│       └── posts.py</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── venv/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">└── requirements.txt</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-building-a-blog-api">🎯 Building a Blog API<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#-building-a-blog-api" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎯 Building a Blog API" title="Direct link to 🎯 Building a Blog API" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Let's build a complete blog API with CRUD operations.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-1-database-configuration">Step 1: Database Configuration<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#step-1-database-configuration" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 1: Database Configuration" title="Direct link to Step 1: Database Configuration" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>app/database.py</code>:</p>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> create_engine</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">ext</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">declarative </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> declarative_base</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">orm </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> sessionmaker</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># SQLite database</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"sqlite:///./blog.db"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Create engine</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">engine </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> create_engine</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    connect_args</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"check_same_thread"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Create session</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">SessionLocal </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> sessionmaker</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">autocommit</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> autoflush</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> bind</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">engine</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Base class for models</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">Base </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> declarative_base</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Dependency to get database session</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">get_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> SessionLocal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">yield</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">finally</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">close</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-2-database-models">Step 2: Database Models<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#step-2-database-models" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 2: Database Models" title="Direct link to Step 2: Database Models" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>app/models.py</code>:</p>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> Integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> Text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> DateTime</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">sql </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> func</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">database </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> Base</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">Base</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    __tablename__ </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"posts"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token builtin">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> primary_key</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">True</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> index</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">True</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    title </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> nullable</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    content </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">Text</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> nullable</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    author </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> nullable</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    published </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    created_at </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">DateTime</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">timezone</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">True</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> server_default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">func</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">now</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    updated_at </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Column</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">DateTime</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">timezone</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">True</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> onupdate</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">func</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">now</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-3-pydantic-schemas">Step 3: Pydantic Schemas<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#step-3-pydantic-schemas" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 3: Pydantic Schemas" title="Direct link to Step 3: Pydantic Schemas" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>app/schemas.py</code> for request/response validation:</p>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> pydantic </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> BaseModel</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> datetime </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> datetime</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> typing </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> Optional</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Base schema</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">PostBase</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">BaseModel</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    title</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> min_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> max_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    content</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> min_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    author</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> min_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> max_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    published</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">default</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> ge</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> le</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Schema for creating posts</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">PostCreate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">PostBase</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">pass</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Schema for updating posts</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">PostUpdate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">BaseModel</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    title</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Optional</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">None</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> min_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> max_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">200</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    content</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Optional</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">None</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> min_length</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    author</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Optional</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">None</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    published</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Optional</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Field</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">None</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> ge</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> le</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Schema for responses</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">PostResponse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">PostBase</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token builtin">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    created_at</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> datetime</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    updated_at</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Optional</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">datetime</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Config</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        from_attributes </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">True</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>💡 Key Concept</strong>: Pydantic models automatically validate data and convert types!</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-4-api-routes">Step 4: API Routes<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#step-4-api-routes" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 4: API Routes" title="Direct link to Step 4: API Routes" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>app/routers/posts.py</code>:</p>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> APIRouter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> HTTPException</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> status</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">orm </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> Session</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> typing </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> List</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> app </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> schemas</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">database </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> get_db</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">router </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> APIRouter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    prefix</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/api/posts"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    tags</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Posts"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Get all posts</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> response_model</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">List</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">schemas</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">PostResponse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">get_posts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    skip</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">10</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Session </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">get_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">"""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    Retrieve all blog posts with pagination</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    - **skip**: Number of posts to skip (default: 0)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    - **limit**: Maximum number of posts to return (default: 10)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    """</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    posts </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">offset</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">skip</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">all</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> posts</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Get single post</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/{post_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> response_model</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">schemas</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">PostResponse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">get_post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">post_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Session </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">get_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">"""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    Retrieve a specific blog post by ID</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    """</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">==</span><span class="token plain"> post_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">first</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">not</span><span class="token plain"> post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">raise</span><span class="token plain"> HTTPException</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            status_code</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            detail</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">f"Post with ID </span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation">post_id</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c"> not found"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> post</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Create post</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> response_model</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">schemas</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">PostResponse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> status_code</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">HTTP_201_CREATED</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">create_post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> schemas</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">PostCreate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Session </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">get_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">"""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    Create a new blog post</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    """</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    new_post </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">**</span><span class="token plain">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">dict</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">add</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">new_post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">commit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">refresh</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">new_post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> new_post</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Update post</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">put</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/{post_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> response_model</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">schemas</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">PostResponse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">update_post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post_update</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> schemas</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">PostUpdate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Session </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">get_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">"""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    Update an existing blog post</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    """</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post_query </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">==</span><span class="token plain"> post_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> post_query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">first</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">not</span><span class="token plain"> post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">raise</span><span class="token plain"> HTTPException</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            status_code</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            detail</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">f"Post with ID </span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation">post_id</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c"> not found"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Update only provided fields</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    update_data </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> post_update</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">dict</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">exclude_unset</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">True</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post_query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">update</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">update_data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> synchronize_session</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">commit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">refresh</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> post</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Delete post</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">delete</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/{post_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> status_code</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">delete_post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">post_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Session </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">get_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">"""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    Delete a blog post</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    """</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post_query </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">==</span><span class="token plain"> post_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> post_query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">first</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">not</span><span class="token plain"> post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">raise</span><span class="token plain"> HTTPException</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            status_code</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">status</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            detail</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">f"Post with ID </span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation">post_id</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c"> not found"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    post_query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">delete</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">synchronize_session</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">commit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">None</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Search posts</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/search/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> response_model</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">List</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">schemas</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">PostResponse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">search_posts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    q</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Session </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">get_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">"""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    Search blog posts by title or content</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">    """</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    posts </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">query</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">filter</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">title</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">contains</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">q</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">|</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">content</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">contains</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">q</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token builtin">all</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> posts</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-5-main-application">Step 5: Main Application<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#step-5-main-application" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Step 5: Main Application" title="Direct link to Step 5: Main Application" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>app/main.py</code>:</p>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> FastAPI</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">middleware</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">cors </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> CORSMiddleware</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">database </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> engine</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> app </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> models</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">routers </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> posts</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Create database tables</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">models</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">Base</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">create_all</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">bind</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">engine</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Initialize FastAPI</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> FastAPI</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    title</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Blog API"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    description</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"A modern blog API built with FastAPI"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    version</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"1.0.0"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    docs_url</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/docs"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Swagger UI</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    redoc_url</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/redoc"</span><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># ReDoc</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Configure CORS</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">add_middleware</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    CORSMiddleware</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    allow_origins</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"*"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># In production, specify actual origins</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    allow_credentials</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">True</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    allow_methods</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"*"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    allow_headers</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"*"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Include routers</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">include_router</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">posts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">router</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Root endpoint</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@app</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">root</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"message"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Welcome to Blog API"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"docs"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/docs"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"version"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"1.0.0"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Health check</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@app</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/health"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">health_check</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"status"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"healthy"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-running-the-application">🚀 Running the Application<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#-running-the-application" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Running the Application" title="Direct link to 🚀 Running the Application" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Start your FastAPI server:</p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">uvicorn app.main:app --reload</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Your API is now running at:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>API</strong>: <a href="http://localhost:8000/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://localhost:8000</a></li>
<li><strong>Interactive Docs (Swagger)</strong>: <a href="http://localhost:8000/docs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://localhost:8000/docs</a></li>
<li><strong>Alternative Docs (ReDoc)</strong>: <a href="http://localhost:8000/redoc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://localhost:8000/redoc</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-testing-the-api">🧪 Testing the API<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#-testing-the-api" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🧪 Testing the API" title="Direct link to 🧪 Testing the API" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="using-curl">Using curl<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#using-curl" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Using curl" title="Direct link to Using curl" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p><strong>Create a post:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/api/posts/" \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -d '{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "title": "Getting Started with FastAPI",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "content": "FastAPI is an amazing framework for building APIs quickly!",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "author": "Shutiye Dev",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "published": 1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  }'</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Get all posts:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl "http://localhost:8000/api/posts/"</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Get a specific post:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl "http://localhost:8000/api/posts/1"</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Update a post:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl -X PUT "http://localhost:8000/api/posts/1" \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -d '{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "title": "FastAPI Advanced Guide",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "content": "Updated content about FastAPI features"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  }'</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Search posts:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl "http://localhost:8000/api/posts/search/?q=FastAPI"</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="using-python-requests">Using Python Requests<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#using-python-requests" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Using Python Requests" title="Direct link to Using Python Requests" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> requests</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Create a post</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">response </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> requests</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"http://localhost:8000/api/posts/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    json</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"title"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Python FastAPI Tutorial"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"content"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Learn FastAPI step by step"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"author"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Dev Team"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">response</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Get all posts</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">response </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> requests</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"http://localhost:8000/api/posts/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">response</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">json</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-advanced-features">✨ Advanced Features<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#-advanced-features" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to ✨ Advanced Features" title="Direct link to ✨ Advanced Features" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-async-database-operations">1. Async Database Operations<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#1-async-database-operations" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Async Database Operations" title="Direct link to 1. Async Database Operations" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>For better performance, use async database operations:</p>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">ext</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">asyncio </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> create_async_engine</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> AsyncSession</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> sqlalchemy</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">orm </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> sessionmaker</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">DATABASE_URL </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"sqlite+aiosqlite:///./blog.db"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">engine </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> create_async_engine</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">DATABASE_URL</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">AsyncSessionLocal </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> sessionmaker</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">engine</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> class_</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">AsyncSession</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> expire_on_commit</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">False</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">get_async_db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">with</span><span class="token plain"> AsyncSessionLocal</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">as</span><span class="token plain"> session</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">yield</span><span class="token plain"> session</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-authentication-with-jwt">2. Authentication with JWT<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#2-authentication-with-jwt" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. Authentication with JWT" title="Direct link to 2. Authentication with JWT" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">security </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> OAuth2PasswordBearer</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> jose </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> JWTError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> jwt</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">oauth2_scheme </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> OAuth2PasswordBearer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">tokenUrl</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"token"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/protected"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">protected_route</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">token</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">oauth2_scheme</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Verify token</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"message"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"This is protected!"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-file-upload">3. File Upload<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#3-file-upload" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. File Upload" title="Direct link to 3. File Upload" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> File</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> UploadFile</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/upload"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">upload_file</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token builtin">file</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> UploadFile </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> File</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    contents </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">file</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">read</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Process file</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"filename"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">file</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">filename</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"size"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">contents</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="4-background-tasks">4. Background Tasks<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#4-background-tasks" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 4. Background Tasks" title="Direct link to 4. Background Tasks" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> BackgroundTasks</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">send_email</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">email</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Send email logic</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">f"Sending email to </span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation">email</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">: </span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation">message</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style="color:#e3116c">"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/send-notification"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">send_notification</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    email</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    background_tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> BackgroundTasks</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    background_tasks</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">add_task</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">send_email</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> email</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Post created!"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"message"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Notification will be sent"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-best-practices">🎯 Best Practices<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#-best-practices" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎯 Best Practices" title="Direct link to 🎯 Best Practices" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-use-dependency-injection">1. Use Dependency Injection<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#1-use-dependency-injection" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Use Dependency Injection" title="Direct link to 1. Use Dependency Injection" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">common_parameters</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">skip</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">100</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"skip"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> skip</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"limit"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> limit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/items/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">read_items</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">commons</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">dict</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Depends</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">common_parameters</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> commons</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-implement-proper-error-handling">2. Implement Proper Error Handling<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#2-implement-proper-error-handling" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. Implement Proper Error Handling" title="Direct link to 2. Implement Proper Error Handling" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> fastapi </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> HTTPException</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/items/{item_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">read_item</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">item_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> item_id </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">not</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">in</span><span class="token plain"> items</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">raise</span><span class="token plain"> HTTPException</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            status_code</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">404</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            detail</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Item not found"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            headers</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"X-Error"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"Custom header"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> items</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">item_id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-use-environment-variables">3. Use Environment Variables<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#3-use-environment-variables" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. Use Environment Variables" title="Direct link to 3. Use Environment Variables" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> pydantic_settings </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> BaseSettings</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Settings</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">BaseSettings</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    database_url</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    secret_key</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Config</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        env_file </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">".env"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">settings </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> Settings</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="4-add-response-models">4. Add Response Models<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#4-add-response-models" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 4. Add Response Models" title="Direct link to 4. Add Response Models" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@router</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"/users/"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> response_model</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">List</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">UserResponse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">get_users</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> users  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Automatically validates and serializes</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-performance-tips">📊 Performance Tips<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#-performance-tips" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📊 Performance Tips" title="Direct link to 📊 Performance Tips" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ol>
<li><strong>Use async/await</strong> for I/O operations</li>
<li><strong>Implement caching</strong> with Redis</li>
<li><strong>Add database connection pooling</strong></li>
<li><strong>Use pagination</strong> for large datasets</li>
<li><strong>Optimize database queries</strong> with proper indexing</li>
<li><strong>Compress responses</strong> with gzip</li>
</ol>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-deployment">🚀 Deployment<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#-deployment" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🚀 Deployment" title="Direct link to 🚀 Deployment" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="using-docker">Using Docker<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#using-docker" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Using Docker" title="Direct link to Using Docker" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create <code>Dockerfile</code>:</p>
<div class="language-dockerfile codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-dockerfile codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">FROM python:3.11-slim</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">WORKDIR /app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">COPY requirements.txt .</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">COPY ./app ./app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Build and run:</p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">docker build -t fastapi-blog .</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">docker run -p 8000:8000 fastapi-blog</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="using-uvicorn-in-production">Using Uvicorn in Production<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#using-uvicorn-in-production" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Using Uvicorn in Production" title="Direct link to Using Uvicorn in Production" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">uvicorn app.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 --workers 4</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-key-takeaways">🎓 Key Takeaways<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#-key-takeaways" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 🎓 Key Takeaways" title="Direct link to 🎓 Key Takeaways" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>FastAPI is fast</strong>: Performance comparable to Node.js and Go</li>
<li><strong>Type hints</strong>: Automatic validation and documentation</li>
<li><strong>Modern Python</strong>: Async/await support out of the box</li>
<li><strong>Great DX</strong>: Amazing developer experience with auto-completion</li>
<li><strong>Production-ready</strong>: Built-in features for security and performance</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="-whats-next">📚 What's Next?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/fastapi-modern-python-apis#-whats-next" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 📚 What's Next?" title="Direct link to 📚 What's Next?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>Add authentication with OAuth2 and JWT</li>
<li>Implement WebSocket for real-time features</li>
<li>Add GraphQL support</li>
<li>Integrate with Celery for background tasks</li>
<li>Set up monitoring with Prometheus</li>
<li>Deploy to AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud</li>
</ul>
<p>FastAPI is perfect for building modern, high-performance APIs. Its simplicity and speed make it an excellent choice for both beginners and experienced developers!</p>
<hr>
<p><em>Want to learn more about FastAPI? Check out the <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">official documentation</a> or explore our <a href="https://shutiye.dev/docs">Python tutorials</a>.</em></p>]]></content>
        <author>
            <name>Shutiye Dev</name>
            <uri>https://github.com/shutiye</uri>
        </author>
        <category label="Python" term="Python"/>
        <category label="FastAPI" term="FastAPI"/>
        <category label="REST API" term="REST API"/>
        <category label="Backend" term="Backend"/>
        <category label="Tutorial" term="Tutorial"/>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title type="html"><![CDATA[Building Your First REST API with Spring Boot - A Complete Guide]]></title>
        <id>https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot</id>
        <link href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot"/>
        <updated>2025-07-15T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Spring Boot has revolutionized Java backend development by simplifying the setup and configuration process. In this guide, we'll build a complete REST API for a simple task management system, covering all the essential concepts you need to get started.]]></summary>
        <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Spring Boot has revolutionized Java backend development by simplifying the setup and configuration process. In this guide, we'll build a complete REST API for a simple task management system, covering all the essential concepts you need to get started.</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="what-is-spring-boot">What is Spring Boot?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#what-is-spring-boot" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to What is Spring Boot?" title="Direct link to What is Spring Boot?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Spring Boot is an opinionated framework built on top of the Spring Framework. It eliminates much of the boilerplate configuration that traditional Spring applications require, allowing you to focus on writing business logic rather than XML configuration files.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="key-benefits">Key Benefits<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#key-benefits" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Key Benefits" title="Direct link to Key Benefits" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Auto-configuration</strong>: Automatically configures your application based on the dependencies you add</li>
<li><strong>Embedded server</strong>: No need to deploy WAR files to external servers</li>
<li><strong>Production-ready features</strong>: Built-in health checks, metrics, and monitoring</li>
<li><strong>Minimal configuration</strong>: Convention over configuration approach</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="prerequisites">Prerequisites<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#prerequisites" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Prerequisites" title="Direct link to Prerequisites" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Before we begin, make sure you have:</p>
<ul>
<li>Java Development Kit (JDK) 17 or higher</li>
<li>Maven or Gradle (we'll use Maven)</li>
<li>Your favorite IDE (IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, or VS Code)</li>
<li>Basic understanding of Java and object-oriented programming</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="project-setup">Project Setup<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#project-setup" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Project Setup" title="Direct link to Project Setup" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Let's create a new Spring Boot project. The easiest way is using Spring Initializr:</p>
<ol>
<li>Visit <a href="https://start.spring.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">start.spring.io</a></li>
<li>Choose Maven as the build tool</li>
<li>Select Java 17 or higher</li>
<li>Add the following dependencies:<!-- -->
<ul>
<li>Spring Web</li>
<li>Spring Data JPA</li>
<li>H2 Database</li>
<li>Lombok (optional, but helpful)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Alternatively, if you prefer command-line:</p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl https://start.spring.io/starter.zip \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -d dependencies=web,data-jpa,h2,lombok \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -d type=maven-project \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -d javaVersion=17 \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -d bootVersion=3.2.0 \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -o task-api.zip</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">unzip task-api.zip</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="understanding-the-project-structure">Understanding the Project Structure<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#understanding-the-project-structure" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Understanding the Project Structure" title="Direct link to Understanding the Project Structure" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>After extracting the project, you'll see this structure:</p>
<div class="language-text codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">task-api/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── src/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   ├── main/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   ├── java/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   │   └── com/example/taskapi/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   │       └── TaskApiApplication.java</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │   └── resources/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   │       └── application.properties</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">│   └── test/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">├── pom.xml</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">└── README.md</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>The <code>TaskApiApplication.java</code> is your entry point:</p>
<div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">@SpringBootApplication</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">public class TaskApiApplication {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public static void main(String[] args) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        SpringApplication.run(TaskApiApplication.class, args);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>The <code>@SpringBootApplication</code> annotation is a combination of three annotations:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>@Configuration</code>: Marks this class as a source of bean definitions</li>
<li><code>@EnableAutoConfiguration</code>: Enables Spring Boot's auto-configuration</li>
<li><code>@ComponentScan</code>: Scans for components in this package and sub-packages</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="creating-the-domain-model">Creating the Domain Model<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#creating-the-domain-model" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Creating the Domain Model" title="Direct link to Creating the Domain Model" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Let's create our Task entity. This represents a task in our system:</p>
<div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">package com.example.taskapi.model;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import jakarta.persistence.*;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import lombok.Data;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import java.time.LocalDateTime;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">@Entity</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">@Data</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">public class Task {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @Id</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    private Long id;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @Column(nullable = false)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    private String title;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    private String description;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @Column(nullable = false)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    private boolean completed = false;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    private LocalDateTime createdAt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    private LocalDateTime updatedAt;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @PrePersist</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    protected void onCreate() {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        createdAt = LocalDateTime.now();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        updatedAt = LocalDateTime.now();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @PreUpdate</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    protected void onUpdate() {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        updatedAt = LocalDateTime.now();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Key Points:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>@Entity</code>: Marks this class as a JPA entity (database table)</li>
<li><code>@Id</code>: Marks the primary key field</li>
<li><code>@GeneratedValue</code>: Auto-generates ID values</li>
<li><code>@PrePersist</code> and <code>@PreUpdate</code>: Lifecycle callbacks for timestamps</li>
<li><code>@Data</code>: Lombok annotation that generates getters, setters, and other methods</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="creating-the-repository-layer">Creating the Repository Layer<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#creating-the-repository-layer" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Creating the Repository Layer" title="Direct link to Creating the Repository Layer" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Spring Data JPA makes database operations incredibly simple. Create a repository interface:</p>
<div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">package com.example.taskapi.repository;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import com.example.taskapi.model.Task;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import java.util.List;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">@Repository</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">public interface TaskRepository extends JpaRepository&lt;Task, Long&gt; {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    List&lt;Task&gt; findByCompleted(boolean completed);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    List&lt;Task&gt; findByTitleContainingIgnoreCase(String title);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>By extending <code>JpaRepository</code>, you automatically get these methods:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>save()</code>: Create or update a task</li>
<li><code>findById()</code>: Find task by ID</li>
<li><code>findAll()</code>: Get all tasks</li>
<li><code>deleteById()</code>: Delete a task</li>
<li>And many more!</li>
</ul>
<p>The custom methods (<code>findByCompleted</code>, <code>findByTitleContainingIgnoreCase</code>) are automatically implemented by Spring Data JPA based on their names.</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="creating-the-service-layer">Creating the Service Layer<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#creating-the-service-layer" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Creating the Service Layer" title="Direct link to Creating the Service Layer" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>The service layer contains your business logic:</p>
<div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">package com.example.taskapi.service;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import com.example.taskapi.model.Task;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import com.example.taskapi.repository.TaskRepository;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import java.util.List;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import java.util.Optional;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">@Service</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">public class TaskService {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    private final TaskRepository taskRepository;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public TaskService(TaskRepository taskRepository) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        this.taskRepository = taskRepository;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public List&lt;Task&gt; getAllTasks() {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        return taskRepository.findAll();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public Optional&lt;Task&gt; getTaskById(Long id) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        return taskRepository.findById(id);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public Task createTask(Task task) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        return taskRepository.save(task);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public Task updateTask(Long id, Task taskDetails) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        Task task = taskRepository.findById(id)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            .orElseThrow(() -&gt; new RuntimeException("Task not found"));</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        task.setTitle(taskDetails.getTitle());</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        task.setDescription(taskDetails.getDescription());</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        task.setCompleted(taskDetails.isCompleted());</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        return taskRepository.save(task);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public void deleteTask(Long id) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        taskRepository.deleteById(id);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public List&lt;Task&gt; getCompletedTasks() {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        return taskRepository.findByCompleted(true);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Why use a service layer?</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Separates business logic from controller logic</li>
<li>Makes code more testable</li>
<li>Allows transaction management</li>
<li>Provides a clear API for your application</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="creating-the-rest-controller">Creating the REST Controller<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#creating-the-rest-controller" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Creating the REST Controller" title="Direct link to Creating the REST Controller" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Now let's expose our service through REST endpoints:</p>
<div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">package com.example.taskapi.controller;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import com.example.taskapi.model.Task;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import com.example.taskapi.service.TaskService;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">import java.util.List;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">@RestController</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">@RequestMapping("/api/tasks")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">public class TaskController {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    private final TaskService taskService;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public TaskController(TaskService taskService) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        this.taskService = taskService;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @GetMapping</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public List&lt;Task&gt; getAllTasks() {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        return taskService.getAllTasks();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @GetMapping("/{id}")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public ResponseEntity&lt;Task&gt; getTaskById(@PathVariable Long id) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        return taskService.getTaskById(id)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            .map(ResponseEntity::ok)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            .orElse(ResponseEntity.notFound().build());</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @PostMapping</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public ResponseEntity&lt;Task&gt; createTask(@RequestBody Task task) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        Task createdTask = taskService.createTask(task);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).body(createdTask);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @PutMapping("/{id}")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public ResponseEntity&lt;Task&gt; updateTask(</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            @PathVariable Long id, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            @RequestBody Task task) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        try {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            Task updatedTask = taskService.updateTask(id, task);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            return ResponseEntity.ok(updatedTask);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        } catch (RuntimeException e) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            return ResponseEntity.notFound().build();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public ResponseEntity&lt;Void&gt; deleteTask(@PathVariable Long id) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        taskService.deleteTask(id);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @GetMapping("/completed")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public List&lt;Task&gt; getCompletedTasks() {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        return taskService.getCompletedTasks();</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Understanding the annotations:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>@RestController</code>: Combines <code>@Controller</code> and <code>@ResponseBody</code></li>
<li><code>@RequestMapping</code>: Maps HTTP requests to handler methods</li>
<li><code>@GetMapping</code>, <code>@PostMapping</code>, etc.: Shortcuts for specific HTTP methods</li>
<li><code>@PathVariable</code>: Extracts values from the URL path</li>
<li><code>@RequestBody</code>: Converts JSON request body to Java object</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="configuring-the-database">Configuring the Database<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#configuring-the-database" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Configuring the Database" title="Direct link to Configuring the Database" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Add these properties to <code>application.properties</code>:</p>
<div class="language-properties codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-properties codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># H2 Database Configuration</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:taskdb</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">spring.datasource.username=sa</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">spring.datasource.password=</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># JPA Configuration</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create-drop</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">spring.jpa.show-sql=true</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># H2 Console (for development)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">spring.h2.console.enabled=true</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">spring.h2.console.path=/h2-console</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-the-application">Running the Application<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#running-the-application" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Running the Application" title="Direct link to Running the Application" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Start your application:</p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">mvn spring-boot:run</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>Your API will be available at <code>http://localhost:8080/api/tasks</code></p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="testing-the-api">Testing the API<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#testing-the-api" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Testing the API" title="Direct link to Testing the API" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Use curl, Postman, or any HTTP client:</p>
<p><strong>Create a task:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/tasks \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -d '{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "title": "Learn Spring Boot",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "description": "Complete the tutorial",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "completed": false</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  }'</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Get all tasks:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl http://localhost:8080/api/tasks</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Get a specific task:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl http://localhost:8080/api/tasks/1</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Update a task:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl -X PUT http://localhost:8080/api/tasks/1 \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  -d '{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "title": "Learn Spring Boot",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "description": "Complete the tutorial",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    "completed": true</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  }'</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Delete a task:</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">curl -X DELETE http://localhost:8080/api/tasks/1</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="best-practices">Best Practices<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#best-practices" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Best Practices" title="Direct link to Best Practices" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="1-use-dtos-data-transfer-objects">1. Use DTOs (Data Transfer Objects)<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#1-use-dtos-data-transfer-objects" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 1. Use DTOs (Data Transfer Objects)" title="Direct link to 1. Use DTOs (Data Transfer Objects)" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Instead of exposing your entity directly, create DTOs:</p>
<div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">public class TaskDTO {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    private Long id;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    private String title;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    private String description;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    private boolean completed;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    // getters and setters</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="2-implement-proper-exception-handling">2. Implement Proper Exception Handling<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#2-implement-proper-exception-handling" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 2. Implement Proper Exception Handling" title="Direct link to 2. Implement Proper Exception Handling" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Create a global exception handler:</p>
<div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">@ControllerAdvice</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">public class GlobalExceptionHandler {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @ExceptionHandler(ResourceNotFoundException.class)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    public ResponseEntity&lt;ErrorResponse&gt; handleNotFound(</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            ResourceNotFoundException ex) {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        ErrorResponse error = new ErrorResponse(</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND.value(),</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">            ex.getMessage()</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        );</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND).body(error);</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    }</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="3-add-validation">3. Add Validation<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#3-add-validation" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 3. Add Validation" title="Direct link to 3. Add Validation" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<p>Use Bean Validation annotations:</p>
<div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">public class Task {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @NotBlank(message = "Title is required")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @Size(min = 3, max = 100)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    private String title;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    @Size(max = 500)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    private String description;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="4-use-proper-http-status-codes">4. Use Proper HTTP Status Codes<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#4-use-proper-http-status-codes" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 4. Use Proper HTTP Status Codes" title="Direct link to 4. Use Proper HTTP Status Codes" translate="no">​</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><code>200 OK</code>: Successful GET, PUT</li>
<li><code>201 Created</code>: Successful POST</li>
<li><code>204 No Content</code>: Successful DELETE</li>
<li><code>400 Bad Request</code>: Validation errors</li>
<li><code>404 Not Found</code>: Resource doesn't exist</li>
<li><code>500 Internal Server Error</code>: Server errors</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="whats-next">What's Next?<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#whats-next" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to What's Next?" title="Direct link to What's Next?" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Now that you understand the basics, explore these advanced topics:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Security</strong>: Add Spring Security for authentication and authorization</li>
<li><strong>Testing</strong>: Write unit and integration tests</li>
<li><strong>Documentation</strong>: Use Swagger/OpenAPI for API documentation</li>
<li><strong>Caching</strong>: Implement caching with Redis</li>
<li><strong>Pagination</strong>: Add pagination for large datasets</li>
<li><strong>Database</strong>: Switch from H2 to PostgreSQL or MySQL</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="conclusion">Conclusion<a href="https://shutiye.dev/blog/building-rest-api-spring-boot#conclusion" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Conclusion" title="Direct link to Conclusion" translate="no">​</a></h2>
<p>Spring Boot makes it incredibly easy to build production-ready REST APIs. With minimal configuration, you can create a fully functional backend that follows best practices and industry standards.</p>
<p>The key takeaways:</p>
<ul>
<li>Spring Boot eliminates boilerplate configuration</li>
<li>Layered architecture (Controller → Service → Repository) keeps code organized</li>
<li>JPA repositories handle database operations with minimal code</li>
<li>REST controllers make creating APIs straightforward</li>
</ul>
<p>Start building your own REST APIs with Spring Boot today!</p>
<hr>
<p><em>Have questions or want to see more Spring Boot tutorials? Connect with us on <a href="https://x.com/shutiye_dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Twitter</a> or check out our <a href="https://shutiye.dev/docs/spring-boot/overview">curriculum</a>.</em></p>]]></content>
        <author>
            <name>Shutiye Dev</name>
            <uri>https://github.com/shutiye</uri>
        </author>
        <category label="Java" term="Java"/>
        <category label="Spring Boot" term="Spring Boot"/>
        <category label="REST API" term="REST API"/>
        <category label="Tutorial" term="Tutorial"/>
        <category label="Backend" term="Backend"/>
    </entry>
</feed>